What if Germany had won World War 2 an Example by

What if Germany had won World War 2 Introduction Need essay sample on "What if Germany had won World War 2" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed World war II was a widespread war that occurred amongst most of the countries in the world. It was a great war which forced most countries to place their complete scientific, industrial and economic efforts toward war, combining both military and civilian resources. It was the most deadly conflict in the history of humans, with fatalities reported to have exceeded 70 million people. The military personnel involved in this war exceeded 100 million, which further shows the enormity of the war. The war started after Germany invaded Poland and subsequently, British Dominions, France, and the United Kingdom declared war on Germany. After the war, the United States and the Soviet Union emerged as the superpowers, which subsequently led to the cold war. This war led to the emergence of the United Nations, which was tasked with the responsibility of preventing such a war in future. According to Jacobsen and Smith, (96-97), Germany, Italy, and Japan subsequently formed a tripartite pact, which was meant to counter any move by the US to become involved in the war. The pact maintained that the three nations would cooperate and stand by each other over a decade, in order to establish a new order which would safeguard the welfare and prosperity of the citizens of these countries. According to Gudmens and the US Army Command and General Staff College Combat Studies Institute (63-64), the Japanese attacks on the American fleets in Pearl Harbor in 1941, led to the use of the atomic bombs on Japan, in the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The damage caused by the two bombs that were dropped in the two cities was unprecedented, and this led to the surrender of Japan in 1945. This effectively ended the war. Alliance with Japan as Germany's downfall. The alliance of Germany with Japan can be said to be a major contributor to Germany's downfall. According to Dunn (120-121), the initial pact between Germany, Japan, and Italy was meant to safeguard the interests of the citizens of the three countries, but Japan's downfall led to the collapse of the axis. As has been explained above, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor causing significant damage to US ships as well as casualties to US troops. This act, combined with Japan's refusal to surrender unconditionally, in line with the agreement in Potsdam, led to the use of atomic bombs by the US on Japan. The bombs killed an estimated 80,000 people in Nagasaki and another 140,000 in Hiroshima. According to Oakes and Kia (30-31), thousands subsequently died after being exposed to the radia tion, and this led to the surrender of Japan. Japan considered the atomic bombs to be a threat to humanity, and could not bear losses of such magnitude, especially considering that the US was planning to use other such bombs on it. These bombs exposed the superiority of the US, especially considering that Germany did not have such bombs. The surrender of Japan crippled the axis and effectively led to the end of the war, which was a blow to Germany. Germany's concern for cleansing as a contributor to their defeat in the war. During the World War II, Adolf Hitler orchestrated the murder of 6 million Jews, in an effort to 'cleanse' the world. The number of Jews who were killed was a third of the total Jewish global population at the time. The Nazis, under control from Hitler, blamed the Jews for corrupting the German culture through 'mongrel' and 'foreign' influence. The Nazis also portrayed Germans as honest, courageous and hardworking, and the Jews as cowardly and evil. The Germans built many concentration camps where the Jews were incarcerated and spent vast resources persecuting the Jews. In 1941, Germany invaded the Soviet Union and assassinated over 30,000 Jews during the first two days, through several assassination squads. It is clear that Germany spent vast resources equipping its assassination squads and other elite teams which murdered Jews. Other resources were also used for building and maintaining concentration camps. In a period of war, all resources should be used to fight the enemies, as opposed to diverting them for any other uses. Germany diverted some of its resources to 'cleanse' itself from Jews and this played a part in their defeat in the war.Germany's invention of the atomic bomb as a factor that would have made them win the war. The effects of the atomic bombs that were used by the US, were the main contributors to the end of the World War II. This, as has been explained above, is due to the number of fatalities, damage to property and future effects that they caused to humanity. In fact, Japan surrendered after the realization that the entire human race could be wiped out by solely using these bombs. The effects of the bombs caused by the radiation affected future generations. The US was preparing to use other bombs on Japan, and the loss was too great to bear, hence the surrender. If Germany had developed the atomic bomb first, then this would have been an almost certainty of winning the war. Germany needed to enrich the uranium to eighty percent level or above, and it would have developed an atomic bomb. If they had it first, they would definitely have used it against its enemies, under the rule of Hitler. In fact, Hitler would have dropped the bombs in the most densely populated cities, which would have led to the highest number of civilian casualties, without flinching a muscle. This would have made even the most determined nations to surrender, including the US and Soviet Union. Germany's success in invading USSR if its soldiers were better equipped Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941 through an operation which was referred to as Operation Barbarossa. The invasion was supported by the axis and involved over 4.5 million Axis powers' troops. The main purpose of this invasion was to conquer Soviet Union's link which connected Astrakhan and Arkhangelsk. However, Hitler did not achieve the success he had anticipated, and Germans were repulsed from Moscow. They were not able to mount a successful offensive afterward. The major factors that led to the lack of success were harsh climate and terrain, as well as lack of adequate equipment. The Germans launched their attacks during the summer, under the assumption that the war would be over by the time the harsh winters arrived. However, the war dragged on for longer, and the German soldiers did not have adequate clothing to keep their bodies warm. They also had a series of mishaps which limited the troops' access to weaponry. For instance, the V2 rocket failed in its last stage of development thereby decreasing the effectiveness of the Germans' attacks. The harsh winter also froze some weapons, including vehicles. Better equipment and clothing would have made the chances of Hitler's success much higher than they were. Period of time war would have dragged on if D-day was unsuccessful The D-day offensive began in 1944 and posed to end the German offensive. According to Gerrard (84-85), troops from the allied countries invaded France and fought the Germans, in a bid to liberate France. Before the D-day, the allies destroyed the bridges and railways in France and Belgium in a bid to limit the ability of Germans to access reserves. They also deceived the Germans that they would attack the country through Pas de Calais. On D-day, more than 4000 craft and 5000 ships were used in landing on the beaches. According to Zaloga and Johnson (64-65), the Germans initially put up resistance, but they were defeated by the heavily armed Allies. The Allies gained the necessary momentum after succeeding in Normandy, while the Germans were demotivated by the losses. The success in Normandy played a crucial role in the Allies' success in the war in general. If Germany had won this battle, it would have been motivated to fight harder and conquer more territories in Europe. Hitler would have captured many prisoners, aircraft, ships, tanks, arms and other equipment that would have strengthened the German troops. However, in my view, the war would not have dragged on for very long, since Germany had other weaknesses in its strategy. Some of the weaknesses have been discussed in the paper, and others include errors in strategy. Germany was trying to capture too many territories simultaneously, and this was, in fact, crippling its troops, supply, and weaponry. Another factor is that the US would still have developed the atomic bomb, which would have forced Germany to surrender irrespective of the win at Normandy. In my view, the war would not have gone on for more than five years, irrespective of whichever side won the Normandy battle. Conclusion It can be concluded that in addition to lack of equipment, poor clothing and the impact of the US atomic bomb, Germany still faced other challenges that would have made it difficult to win World War II. The conquering of too many territories simultaneously, as has been discussed, weakened the Germans. Focus on other non-war issues such as 'cleansing' the Germans also shifted resources to other less important goals. However, the alliance with Japan can be said to be one of the greatest mistakes Hitler made, and which cost Germany victory during World War II. Works Cited Dunn, Dennis. Caught Between Roosevelt & Stalin: America's Ambassadors to Moscow. Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky, 1998, p 120-121. Gerrard, Howard. D-Day 1944. New York: Osprey Publishing, 2002, p 84-85. Gudmens, Jeffrey & US Army Command and General Staff College Combat Studies Institute. Staff Ride Team. Staff Ride Handbook for the Attack on Pearl Harbor, 7 _ December 1941: A Study of Defending America. New York: DIANE Publishing, 2005, p 63. Jacobsen, Hans-Adolf & Smith, Arthur. World War II, Policy, and Strategy: Selected _ Documents with Commentary. Washington: Clio Books, 1979, p 96-97. Oakes, Elizabeth & Kia, Mehrdad. Social Science Resources in the Electronic Age. New York: Greenwood Press, 2004, p30-31. Zaloga, Steven & Johnson, Hugh. D-Day Fortifications in Normandy. New York: Osprey Publishing, 2005, p 64-65.

Research Papers Proposal

Research Papers Proposal Research Papers Proposal Research Paper ProposalA research paper proposal is a paper that briefly outlines the most essential issues of your research. A research paper proposal is handed to the defense committee in order for them to estimate the level of your preparation for research. If you get approval from them, you may start research and writing your research paper itself. If you need help writing a research paper or do not know how to write a research paper, you should contact us for professional research paper writing service! We deliver " research paper no plagiarism"!For a novice at conducting independent research, a research paper proposal may seem rather a complicated assignment. Still, with a bit of practice, efforts, and our guide a research paper proposal will be much easy to produce. So, follow the guidelines below.1. Decide on the topicChoosing a research paper topic is one of the most serious and important first steps to making a research paper proposal. You have to think over several fac tors influencing your decision as for the topic: the needs of research community, your personal preferences, and supervisors recommendations.2. Explore the historical context of the topic under considerationFind out who else investigated the similar problems in their works and what their approaches to it were.3. Formulate the objectives of your researchIt is very important for you to see the purpose you have to aim at. It will help you rally your thoughts together and get ready for the work.4. Make the introductory part for your research paper proposalThe introductory part of a research paper proposal usually introduces the problem under consideration. Here, tell what you are going to investigate, what results you suppose to obtain, and how you are going to achieve your purposes.5. Make up a literature reviewA literature review is another compulsory part of a research paper proposal. A review of literature is not only enumeration of existing works devoted to a certain problem. It is a deep analysis of these works presented in a form of logically connected standpoints on your research paper topic. 6. Inform on the research methods you are going to useMethodology is the last main part of a research paper proposal. Here, you have to present the methods chosen for doing research and explain your choice. In this part of your research paper proposal, explain why these methods are applicable and effective in relation to your research topic. How do you think they might help you?If you follow the guidelines presented above, you are sure to create a well-structured research paper proposal and get approval from the committee. If you are looking for research paper example, surf our free blog for numerous research proposals written from scratch!

The Origin of the Name Nunavut

The Origin of the Name Nunavut The meaning of Nunavut is the Inuktitut word for our land.  Nunavut is one of the three territories and 10 provinces that make up Canada. Nunavut became a territory of Canada in 1999, formed from the eastern region of the mainland Northwest Territories and most of the Arctic Archipelago.  The vast territory is helmed by its capital,  Iqaluit, located at the head of  Frobisher Bay  on southern  Baffin Island. In 1975, an accord, the  James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement, was agreed upon  between the Canadian federal government, the Province of Quebec and Inuit representatives. This accord resulted in the establishment of the  Kativik Regional Government  in the Nunavik territory, and the residents of all 14 Nunavik settlements now elect their own representatives in regional elections. The Inuktitut Language Inuktitut, or Eastern Canadian  Inuktitut, is one of the principal  Inuit languages  of  Canada. It is also an aboriginal language that is  written  using the Canadian Aboriginal syllabics. Syllabics is a family of  consonant-based alphabets called abugidas. It is used by several Aboriginal  Canadian  language families including Algonquian,  Inuit, and Athabaskan.   Vastly different from the  Latin script used by more widespread  languages, the use of  syllabics greatly increases the likelihood of literacy among readers, due to its ease of use.   The Inuktitut language is spoken throughout Arctic Canada, including all areas north of the  tree line. The northern regions in the provinces of Quebec, Newfoundland Labrador,  Manitoba,  and  Nunavut use the language, as well as the Northwest Territories.  Inuktitut not only refers to the language but the entire culture of the Eastern Canadian Inuit.   Inuit Culture and Language The Inuit mannerisms, social behaviors, and values make up Inuktitut, in addition to the written and spoken word. An Inuktitut education takes place outside of traditional schools in the home,  and also on the land, sea, and ice. Young tribe members observe their parents and elders  and practice their new language and life skills in order to perfect them. The word  Inuit means the people, and it is an autonym. The singular form is  Inuk. Lifestyle Based Around Extreme Weather Conditions The Inuit lifestyle is completely based around the  extreme weather conditions they must endure. Basic survival skills along with fishing, hunting and  trapping are essential for daily life. Agriculture has always been an impossibility, so instead, the  Inuit diet is unlike any typical eating plan found elsewhere in the world. Beluga whale, seal, arctic char, crab, walrus, caribou, duck, moose, caribou, quail and geese make up almost the entirety of their diet, except in the warmer months when field roots and  berries, such as cloudberries are picked and served, when in season. This meat and fat-heavy diet has proven to be a health issue for the Inuits. Many suffer from  a  low  calcium and vitamin D intake, but surprisingly, a vitamin C definitely has not been an issue for most.

CS346-1501A-01 User Interface Design Phase 3 DB Coursework

CS346-1501A-01 User Interface Design Phase 3 DB - Coursework Example The purpose of this paper is to highlight the different benefits of usability test and how effective it becomes when developing an application that utilizes one of the rapid application methodologies. The most important reason for performing a usability test is to ensure that the design is what the user needs because there are very many websites and designs, which are very similar. Users always go for the easy and efficient websites, sites that are easy to use increase user satisfaction hence the company gets more users, and it also edges competition from their rivals. It is at this stage, designers identify the need to alter the design with an aim of improving user performance and satisfaction. These tests also help to analyze the performance and check whether it meets its outlined objectives. However, a formal laboratory is not necessary to facilitate such tests, the most important part is that there should be a user and an observer who can be in the same room with the user or can alternatively use another. Portable recording equipment is not necessary for such scenarios. Usability test has proved to be essential in the development of any type of products that endeavors to capture the consumer who is the user in this case. In reference to rapid application development, usability test is vital since it provides the required information about the requirements and the different ways of testing the designs (Edrington 1999). In this type of model, the different components are developed in parallel as if they are just sub projects. The designers arrange the developments and deliver them into a working prototype. It is at this stage that the user achieves something visible to see and try out to provide feedback in regards to phase. RAD model encourages the feedback of the customer, which is the backbone of the usability test because it depends solely on the customer to provide information about the type of product that will suit him. On the

FOUNDATIONS OF OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT Coursework

FOUNDATIONS OF OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT - Coursework Example The office is small as it was the starting point of the business. The company had been trying to find a way to explore the potential clients at the sea side, but had been reluctant to work on a business plan or business strategy due to the presence of a huge number and variety of competitors already operating in that set up. Instead they have been focusing on building a brand name and customer loyalty through exceptional customer care. Due to this strategy the company had been fast in reaching their annual profit goal, in fact they have exceeded it. So, the board has decided that it is time to step in this potential market. The company’s resorts are already present there and are flourishing but research has shown that a small restaurant will attract a lot of foreign tourists and who could say no to a side profit. A business plan has already been made and approved, this plan includes financial planning, restaurant market research, cash flow forecast, competitor’s analysi s, human resource planning and a marketing plan. More than 70% of our surveyed foreigners focus group deduced having a liking to eat their homelands native food rather than trying new things even in foreign land. Due to already being able to deal with a lot of tourists our chefs are already specialized in foreign cuisine. This is a strength as compare to the potential competitors. Client satisfaction with services and the main menu has been and keeps on being of most extreme significance, yet our discoveries demonstrate that the lighting, bar, decor, and different alternatives to enhance the feasting experience are additionally figures in client choices and tourists are mainly attracted to such places. Cash flow for the next two year has been prepared starting from a huge outflow in the first three months in the preparation and setting up of the restaurant. Starting from cleaning of the already present

Stop and Frisk Essay Example for Free

Stop and Frisk Essay The Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution protects people against unreasonable searches and seizures. Modern officials have granted police officers in New York City an incentive to respect the amendment. The Stop and Frisk program employed by the New York Police Department, gives police officers the right to initiate a stop of an individual on the street allegedly and do a quick search of their outer clothes for weapons based on if the officer has a reasonable suspicion that a crime has or is about to take place and the person stopped is armed or dangerous. This reasonable suspicion is not based with specific facts but from the hunches from New York Police officers. Stop and frisk has been a New York Police Department tool for decades, but in recent years it has generated an increased amount of disapproval and debate due to the disturbing rate in communities of color, who often feel under attack and harassed by the police. Minorities make up the majority percentage of people searched in predominantly white neighborhoods, which is why I believe that either some kind of quota or limit should be implicated where only a certain percentage of people stopped can be of a specific race or from specific neighborhood, or New York City should just get rid of the program all together. In 2011 alone, 700,000 New Yorkers were pulled over for stop and frisk searches. Approximately 87 percent were Hispanic or Black and of that percentage 90 percent were deemed innocent (Huffington Post). In comparison, from 2002 to 2011 Hispanics and Blacks made up 90 percent of people stopped, and 88 percent of those stopped were innocent New Yorker (New York Civil Liberties Union). If racial profiling in this case was effective that would be one thing, but there has yet to be any published research that has proven the effectiveness of this program, which is shown in the lack of arrests produced. Violent crimes in New York have decreased by 29 percent between 2001 and 2010; however, other major cities, such as Los Angeles and New Orleans, have experience larger declines without the use of stop and frisk (New York Civil Liberties Union). This is a clear example of why this program; that causes more harm than good, should be abolished. Every American citizen has the constitutional right from unreasonable search and seizure. This epidemic affects too many people for it to be ignored any longer. My own brother and his peers faced being stopped and frisked just because of they were African Americans in a predominantly white neighborhood. Neither my brother nor his peers were a threat, possessed a weapon, or had a criminal record of any kind. Under the stop and frisk exception, the police can stop you on the street and pat you down for anything illegal as long as they have suspicion. Don’t wait until you are personally affected by this unconstitutional procedure before you take a stand against it.

A Life Lived Well! Essay -- Literary Analysis, Hawthorne

In The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne there are many symbols in his novel. According to Laurence Prerrine defines â€Å"[a] literary symbol [as] something that means more than what it is. It is an object, a person, a situation, an action, or some other item that has a literal meaning as well.† Hawthorne uses a physiognomy defined by Laurence Prerrine, Hawthorne â€Å"choosing names for [his] character that serve[s] not only to label them but also to suggest something about them†: for example Pearl, Hester Prynne, Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, and Roger Chillingworth in The Scarlet Letter. As symbolism appears all throughout the story Hawthorne creates his characters in how the name, physical appearance, and behavior of each of his characters. In Hawthorne story the character Pearl symbolizes living sin, an outcast, a treasure, and a child with knowledge that most puritan children may not have. Pearl is Hester Prynne and Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale’s daughter who is conceived in adultery (49). Because her mother and father were not married this is a sin in the puritan culture (48, 77). Pearl is an outcast for this reason and for not behaving as a puritan child should be have. Pearl would throw rocks, scream like a witch, and run away (84-85). She was also alienated because she was not living in a family that is approved by the magistrate. This disapproval of a single parent home they tried to take her away from her mother (89). This battle for a Christian home for Pearl is the only concern that the magistrate had for her eternal life (92). Hester views Pearl as a â€Å"rare treasure† and that she can raise her child in a Christian home like the rest of the other families (80). Pearl’s behavior is like a sprite, or she screams like a wi... ... a secret to the public (219). Dimmesdale and Chillingworth both have secrets that affect them in the same way but emotionally differently in the ways of physical manifestation. Nathaniel Hawthorne uses many sensors to symbolize his story with Pearl, Hester, Arthur, and Roger to show that life goes on even when you have gone away from the stereotypes of the people who surround you. From Pearl being a demon child to growing up to becomes a mother to her child or from Hester Prynne keeping her mistake to herself and moving on in life and learning that no matter what the law she broke that she can thrive in her living. As for Dimmesdale and Chillingworth we see one set free when he confesses his sin and one who disappears when there is no sin to keep as a secret. As all lives have its road blocks, but Hester Prynne lives a life learning how to get around the road.

Begin with God

The purpose of your life is far greater than your own personal fulfillment, your peace of mind, your dreams, ambition, and even your happiness. To know why you are on this planet, you need to start with God, because you were born by HIS purpose and for HIS purpose. For instance, ‘you bought equipment, without the manual you may never know how to operate but guess. It’s only the creator or the owner of the equipment that could reveal its purpose and how it works (may be through a manual) In the same way, you cannot arrive at your life’s purpose by starting with a focus on yourself; you must begin with God, your creator. It is only in God that you discover your origin, your identity, your meaning, your purpose, your significance and your destiny. Proverbs 11:28Colossians 1 : 16 ‘for everything, absolutely everything, above and below, visible and invisible, everything got started in him and finds its purpose in him’ Have you ever ask yourself the followi ng:What do I want to be? What should I do with my life? What are my goals, my ambitions, and my dreams for my future? The above questions are focused self centered, rather the question should be. ‘What is the purpose of God for my life?’ Romans 8:6 ‘obsession with self in these matters is a dead end, attention to God leads us out into the open, into a spacious free life’ Job 12: 10 ‘It is God who directs the lives of his creatures; everyone’s life is in his power’ You could reach your personal goals, become a raving success by the world’s standard and still miss the purpose for which God created you. Discovering Purpose is about becoming what God created you to be.How to Discover Purpose a.By Speculation: (guess, theorize, conjecture etc) some people made up a purpose for life; others were honest enough to say they were clueless b.By Revelation: the easiest and the only way to discover purpose is to ask the creator of it (Ask God) because God has not left us in the dark to wonder and guess. HE has revealed five purposes for our lives through the bible (i.e. Owner’s manual) 1 Corinthians 2 : 7‘God’s wisdom goes deep into the interior of his purposes, it’s not the latest message, but more like the oldest, what God determined as the way to bring out his best in us’ God is not just the starting point but the source of it, so to discover purpose we must turn to God’s word and build our lives on eternal truth. Ephesians 1:11‘It is in Christ that we find out who we are and what we are living for. Long before we first heard of Christ and got our hopes up, he had his eye on us, had designs on us for glorious living, part of the overall purpose he is working out in everything and everyone’1.Through relationship with God 2.Turn to God’s word to find out who you are and what you are living for 3.God knew us even before you were born and had designed/shaped pur pose for your life, HE planned your existence, which predates your existence, without your input 4.Live a glorious life that will glorify HIS name 5.The purpose of your life fits into a much larger purpose that God has designed for eternity Jeremiah 17: 7 – 8

Reinventing the Starbucks Experience

In his memo to his senior team, Howard Schultz wrote about his visions of Starbucks and his disappointment over what he called the â€Å"commoditization of the Starbucks experience. † He gave a detailed list of the decisions that has contributed to this fate. His visions are clear and the arguments he presented are impeccable but this paper will look at the situation from a different viewpoint. The question is should they stick with the changes or revert to the old ways and preserve tradition? Going Big Howard Schultz mentioned several decisions that that led to the â€Å"watering down† of the Starbucks experience. These are: †¢ Changing La Marzocca machines with automatic espresso machines. †¢ Shifting from fresh coffee to fresh roasted bagged coffee. †¢ Transforming store design. While he believes these changes resulted to the â€Å"commoditization† of Starbucks, he admitted that these were necessary and instrumental in bringing Starbucks from 1000 to more than 13,000 stores (Schultz, 2007). These changes allowed Starbucks to speed up their services, become more efficient, cost-effective and competitive. Starbucks Soul Everything has its own price. Starbucks achieved their business goals but lost sight of their vision along the way. For Howard Schultz, losing their â€Å"soul† for profit was a high price to pay. In his memo, he mentioned that shifting from La Marzocca to automatic espresso machines removed the â€Å"romance and theater† of the process. The height of the machines blocked the view and took away the intimacy of the experience. Shifting to roasted coffee took out the aroma and stripped the store of its tradition and heritage. Lastly, changing store design eliminated the â€Å"warm feeling of a neighborhood store† (Schultz, 2007). Reinventing the Experience Soul, experience, romance, theater, temple- these are some of the words Howard Schultz associated with Starbucks. Reading his memo gives everyone a glimpse of his vision for Starbucks. It shows how passionate he is about his product and his store. It details the experience he envisions customers would feel in going to his stores. To him, it is not just selling coffee, it’s an experience. It is not just a store, it’s a temple. It is not just good customer service, it is romance. For someone who found his â€Å"Mecca† in Starbucks, those things mean a great deal. However, Schultz has to consider the possibility that not all people share that vision. A lot of people love to drink coffee but that does not mean they are as passionate about the experience as he is. Some customers are not as in love with the tradition and legacy as he is. There is nothing wrong about Howard Schultz’s vision and we can not blame him for being alarmed by the changes that happened in his stores. However, Starbucks have to be open to the fact that there might be a big difference between people who hang out in coffee shops in 1981 to the millions of Starbucks patrons around the world today. They have to realize that it is not just a simple case of profit versus soul or efficiency versus tradition. They have to consider what kind of â€Å"experience† people are hoping to get from their stores and work from their. Starbucks are founded by solid visions but that can only take them so far. In the end it is what the customers think that matters. Conclusion Howard Schultz is not just a businessman, he is a visionary. For him, profit is not enough, he want to preserve the tradition and leave a legacy. However, he has to accept the fact that to some people, coffee is just an ordinary drink, a commodity that does not need to be romanticized.

What Is Citation Order (Authorâ€Date Referencing) - Get Proofed!

What Is Citation Order (Author–Date Referencing) - Get Proofed! What Is Citation Order? Did you know that you can reference more than one source at once? This is a skill that every student should have. In this post, then, we’re looking at the rules for citing multiple sources and how citation order works in author-date referencing. When to Cite Multiple Sources Most of the time, one source is enough for a citation. For example, if you simply want to show where an author has discussed something, all you need to do is cite the relevant text: He argues that sport can be understood in economic terms (Lee, 2015). But if you want to show that someone has discussed something in more than one text, you could cite multiple sources by the same author. Likewise, to show that several people have discussed the same thing in various places, you could cite multiple sources by different authors. We will explain how this works below. However, keep in mind that you should only include multiple sources in a single citation if they support the same point. If you’re making more than one point in a single passage of text, you should give a separate citation each time. Citing Multiple Sources by One Author To cite more than one source by a single author, all you need to do is list the years of publication in chronological order. For example: He repeatedly argues that sport can be understood in economic terms (Lee, 1999, 2008, 2015). This shows Lee has made the same argument in at least three places. Each source would then be listed with full publication details in the reference list. One slight exception to this is MLA referencing, where citations do not include a year of publication. If you’re citing more than one source by the same author, you’ll therefore need to give a shortened version of the title for each one. Multiple Authors (Citation Order) Things get a bit more complicated when citing multiple sources by different authors. One common way of doing this (e.g., the style recommended in APA referencing) is to list sources alphabetically by author surname with a semicolon between each one: Other studies on the same subject reject this possibility (Acaster et al., 2002; Herring, 1986; Robins James, 1992; Widdicombe, 2015). However, some versions of author–date referencing recommend a citation order based on date of publication. For example: Other studies on the same subject reject this possibility (Herring, 1986; Robins James, 1992; Acaster et al., 2002; Widdicombe, 2015). This makes it essential to check your style guide for advice on citation order. If you cannot find specific instructions, though, simply pick one approach and apply it consistently throughout your document.

Ancient Indian Mathematics

There are opposing views prevalent regarding the prominence of mathematics in ancient India. One, there are those who make excessive claims for the antiquity of Indian mathematics with the motive of emphasizing the uniqueness of Indian mathematical achievements. Whereas, the other conflicting views denies the existence of any ‘real’ Indian mathematics before A. D. 500. This view is the result of deeply entrenched Euro centrism that does not negotiate with the idea of independent developments in early Indian mathematics. Whereas mathematics grew out of philosophy in ancient Greece, it was an outcome of linguistic developments in India. In fact the algebraic character of ancient Indian mathematics is but a byproduct of the well-established linguistic tradition of representing numbers by words. ? Around 800 B. C. Vedic mathematics declined and Jains School of mathematics gradually which was to do notable work in the field. ? From about 200 B. C. was period of instability and fragmentation due to foreign invasions but also of useful cross cultural contacts. Probably the only piece of existing mathematical evidence from this period is the Bakhshali manuscript. ? This period ranges from 3rd to 12th centuries and is referred to as the classical period of Indian civilization. Mathematical activities reached a climax with the appearance of the famous quartet: Brahmagupta, Mahvika and Bhaskracharya. Indian work on astronomy and mathematics spread westward, reaching the Islamic world where it was absorbed, refined and augmented before being transmitted to Europe. This last period described as the medieval period of Indian history, saw the migration of astronomy and mathematics from the north to south. Particularly in present day state of Kerala, this was a period marked by remarkable studies of infinite series and mathematical analysis that predated similar works in Europe by about three hundred years. Harappan society was a highly organized society. There is every possibility that the town dwellers were skilled in mensuration and practical ar ithmetic of a bid similar to what was practiced in Egypt and Mesopotamia. Archaeological findings from that period provide the following indications of the numerate culture of that society: ? It shows uniformity of weights over such a wide area and time which is quite unusual in the history of metrology. Taking 27. 584 grams as a standard, representing 1, the other weights form a series of 0. 05, 0. 1, 0. 2, 0. 5, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 500. Such standardization and durability is a strong indication of a numerate culture with wellestablished, centralized system of weights and measures. Scales and instruments for measuring length have also been discovered with remarkably high accuracy. A notable feature of Harappan culture was its extensive use of kiln-fired bricks and the advanced level of its brick-making technology. These bricks are exceptionally well baked and of excellent quality and may still be used over and over again provided some care is taken in removing them in the first place. Fifteen different sizes of Harappan bricks have been identif ied with standard ratio of the three dimensions as 4:2:1. It was thought until recently that from them evolved first the Bakhshali Number system and then the Gwalior system which is recognizably close to our present day number system. In both Bakshati and Gwalior number systems, ten symbols were used to represent 1 to 9 and zero. With them it became possible to express any number, irrespective of its largeness, by a decimal place value system. Long lists of number- names for powers of 10 are found in various early sources. In the Ramayana, it is reported that Rama had an army of 1010 +1014 +1020 +1024 +1030 +1034 +1040 +1044 +1052 +1057 +1062 +5 men. The very existence of names for powers of ten up to sixty two indicates that the Vedic Indians were quite at home with very large numbers. This is to be compared with ancient Greeks, who had no words for numbers above the myriad (104). The Jains who came after the Vedic Indians were particularly fascinated by even larger numbers which were intimately tied up with their philosophy of time and space. For units of measuring time, the Jains suggested following relationship: 1 purvis = 756 * 1011 days 1 shirsa prahelika = (8,400,000)28 purvis The last number contains 194 digits! The word numeral system was the logical outcome of proceeding by the multiples of 10. Such a system presupposes a scientifically based vocabulary of number names in which the principles of addition, subtraction and multiplication are used. Â  Due to oral mode of preserving and disseminating knowledge, the wordnumeral system persisted in India. As a replacement to this, a new concrete system was devised to help versification and memory, known as bhutasamkhya, wherein numbers were indicated by well-known objects or ideas.

Medical Ethics and the Law (UK) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Medical Ethics and the Law (UK) - Essay Example According to the report findings there are also some cases wherein the patients are not able to make theirown personal decision.   In the case of Major Tom, he was critically injured at the time the plane crashes and was unconscious at the time the proposed operation was delivered by Mr. Botch.   In this case, Mr. Botch was responsible in balancing his duty of care with regards to autonomy  or the practice of informed consent; as well as the practice of non-maleficence, beneficence  and justice.This essay stresses that the capability of the patient to give consent on a specific care or treatment should always be considered by the health care professionals unless there is are clinical evidences that can prove that the patient will never be able to be mentally capable of deciding for himself.   As a general rule, the patient have the legal right to either agree or disagree with the health care professionals’ proposed medical treatment based on the patients’ own set of values and/or religious beliefs.  It is but ethical for Mr. Botch to respect the personal decision of Major Tom with regards to whether he would go through the lung surgery or not.  Health care professionals should also practice the law of confidentiality. It is generally unethical for health care professionals to talk about or disclose the health condition of the patient to other people regardless of whether the mode of communication is verbal or in written.