Ernest Hemingway s Life As A Writer - 1074 Words

Ernest Miller Hemingway was born July 21, 1899 in Chicago, IL to Clarence and Grace Hill-Hemingway. Ernest’s parents were a physician and a musician, respectively, and were both well educated individuals who encouraged their children to follow in their footsteps educationally. Ernest Hemingway began his career as an author and journalist at the age of seventeen. Ernest took a high school course in Journalism taught by Fannie Biggs, which was taught, as though the classroom were a newspaper office (Griffin). Much like many of the early American authors such as Mark Twain, Stephen Crane, and Sinclair Lewis (Myers) Hemingway was a journalist before he became a novelist. It was his career in journalism that sparked his successful career as†¦show more content†¦Hemingway so tastefully describe the art of journalistic writing as the â€Å"Iceberg Theory† (Oliver) the â€Å"Iceberg Theory† is thought to have gotten its name from Hemingway saying, â€Å"If a writer knows enough about what he is writing about, he may omit things that he knows. The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one ninth of it being above water.† (Hemingway, Brainy Quote). It is this quote that defines Hemingway’s career as a short-story author and novelist. When writing short stories Hemingway would often leave key details up to the reader by saying as little as possible. This can be seen in the dialogue of his short stories such as, â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants†. â€Å"’They look like white elephants,† she said. â€Å"I’ve never seen one,† the man drank his beer. â€Å"No, you wouldn’t have.† â€Å"I might have,† the man said. â€Å"Just because you say I wouldn’t have doesn’t prove anything.’† (Hemingway, Lit). This cut and dry excerpt of dialogue shows just how little â€Å"fluff† Hemingway wrote into his short stories. It is â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† that adequately depicts Hemingway’s â€Å"Iceberg Theory†. It is not what is stated explicitly, but what is not said that is important. Nearly every aspect of â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† can be interpreted to mean something else. From the train tracks to the hills, the felt pads have even been considered as an allusion to the pads used to soak up

The Meaning of Citizenship Free Essays

The Meaning of Citizenship Essay The Meaning of Citizenship according to the author is what we make it mean. What a bunch of malarkey! The history of how the definition of citizenship has evolved was well done but I kept having this feeling that she was trying to get me to subscribe to some new world order of citizenship. I like the Dictionary definition of citizenship is the state of being vested with the rights, privileges, and duties of a citizen. We will write a custom essay sample on The Meaning of Citizenship or any similar topic only for you Order Now The character of an individual viewed as a member of society; behavior in terms of duties, obligations, and functions of a citizen. She suggested that citizenship was inconsistent from the very beginning of the United States. Yes it was because we were all immigrants from the start. Women were still seen a property to their husband, Africans was slaves, Native American conquered, and a lot of old world racism was in full swing. America was the great experiment by its founding fathers. Never had it been tried to bring all people together as one country of citizens, well at least what they consider â€Å"as people† at that time. Some may argue that the romans were doing the same thing but they were doing it at sword point then by volunteer. Even though some of the founding father was still behind in their thinking others were not. They build the constitution so that future generations could learn from their father’s mistake and improve America for everyone. I was very surprise that the Supreme Court did not rule that the power of husbands over wives is no longer recognizable in law until 1992. Wow that took 216 years to figure that out. Also that if a woman got married to a noncitizen she would lose her citizenship and be seen as a citizen of her husband country but on the flip side of the coin if the wife married an American husband they became a US citizen until the law change in 1934. Currently the married spouse has the option to either become a permanent residence or naturalization. Naturalization is no easy task either. Under the Path to citizenship on the U. S. Citizenship and Immigration Services the spouse has to take a naturalization test. Sad part according to US News and World Report Weekly poll done back in April of 2012 1 in 3 Americans would fail this test. Another big issue today is illegal women having children in the United State in order to not to get deported. This loop-hole has become to be known as â€Å"baby anchor†. In a way they gain citizenship though the kids. Many countries have closed this loop-hole and I think it time for America to do so too. I would give amnesty to all kids and parents here now then set a deadline date 10months out that one of the child parents is must be a U. S. Citizen otherwise that child will be consider as the citizen of one of the parent foreign citizenship. The history about race factor on citizenship was pretty much dead on. Of all the nationalities from around the world the people from African have had it the worst. Even till this day I don’t see why people looked down on Africans. African American has had the hardest time integrate in to American society. It was mostly because their immigration was forced to America by slavery. When they won their freedom they were still treated like 2nd class citizens. Even today most of the culture seems torn about where they fit into America society. The Chinese and Japanese were treated just as badly. They were seen as rats or beasts to use till they dropped over dead. If anything they weren’t even seen as human beings. They fought back hard to earn their rights and somehow moved forward as a culture to integrate with American society. Then the author goes into class warfare for three pages. Most of it did not make sense other then she trying to make the argument that social security is some kind social citizenship. Now the way I see it with immigration most moving from one country to another are lower or poor people. When they move into a very well off country they can bear the cost of it. America is at a point where immigration is collapsing local government fiances. More people are pulling from the system then put in. The states along the Mexican border are suffering majorly from this due to illegal immigration. Immigration is a good thing for a country but it must be controlled. In Europe many countries are having negative birth rates meaning more people are dying faster than babies are born. In a capitalism economy they build the social program are design to be funded by future population grow who pay into the social program. The problem is that most of their growth now is from immigration that are almost doubling unemployment in European country but benefiting from the host country social programs. (See http://www. migrationpolicy. org/pubs/TCM-integration. pdf) Linda Kerber once again starts to ramble on for another five pages. It covers the Boston Tea Party, Dred Scott decision of 1857, Yick Wo the laundry guy vs. Hopkins, War Brides Act of World War II, and a few other Supreme Court rulings to support her views, California Proposition 187, the Cold War, Iran-Contra, Vietnam War, the Gulf War, and something about Peter Pan vs. Captain Hooker. Well not that last thing. All of this was a setup to give you a right hook to the head about her post national citizenship idea. And so she opens up with â€Å"Do we need citizenship? † This is where the final punch gets you. She starts to make hidden points to being a one world citizenship because like as she stated from the start citizenship means what we make it mean. This will not work as many cultures that have such polar views of each other. An example would be that Islam faith is so tie into it governing system that is Islamic law which is set by the religion is law via in United State religion is kept separated from government laws. She is right that we are one world family but we live under different homes with different rules and values. To me illegal immigration is like having the uninvited family member visits you. They say they are only going to be visiting for 3 days but end up staying for years. We can’t just join with other people if they don’t believe in the Bill of Rights created by our founders. What would be the point of freedom of the press if you can’t write about something that will offend a person or group? In the end I think most people keep mixing citizenship and culture together. Becoming a citizenship must mean more then I was able to sneak into this land. We must close the loop-holes in immigration to remove some of the arguments on citizenship but not eliminate immigration itself. We have to end this feeling of it means whatever it means to you. It’s a cop out. We must stand firm that this is what it takes to be a citizen of the United States. How to cite The Meaning of Citizenship, Papers

Bladerunner Humanity Of Deckard Roy Batty Essay Example For Students

Bladerunner: Humanity Of Deckard Roy Batty Essay Roy Batty and Deckard are both able to show us what it means to be human. To what extent do you agree? Through Blade Runner, we see an epic quest filled with meaning and symbolism applicable to the human condition. Replicants are basically human beings, except for the fact that they lack a history. As a consequence of this, perhaps, they also lack proper emotional faculties especially empathy. Empathy is the ability to place oneself in the position of another living being and understand that persons feelings. Blade runner promotes that empathy is the defining characteristics for humanity. The replicants, designed not to show any emotion, develop spiritually and emotionally throughout the film. We will write a custom essay on Bladerunner: Humanity Of Deckard Roy Batty specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The characters in the movie, even the ones that were not human, had many humanistic and believable qualities. Many of them were able to feel love as well as hate. Although Deckard is supposedly human he at times shows less emotion than Roy. He seems heartless and uncompassionate making himself look very unhuman. We see that Deckard is possibly not ;human; as well, but a replicant. He shows no compassion when he tells Rachel of her being a replicant with implants. In tears, Rachel sneaks out of Deckards apartment and into the streets. The only time in which Deckard really shows emotion is accomplished when Roy, forging Deckard through the fires of a harrowing battle, looks terrified knowing that he is going to die. Through this, Roy tries to communicate his life experiences, and the importance of life before his own flame extinguishes explaining of the horrors of their enslavement. Again, all of these human characteristics that the non-human characters showed makes them more believable for the viewers. The whole definition of humanity is changed by its interaction with the Replicants. For the replicant Roy Batty it was obvious that that he felt strong emotions, perhaps even love for his fellow replicants. After Deckard killed Pris, Roy leaned over her and kissed her showing that he had loved her. He also showed these feelings for Pris and Zhora breaking two of Deckards fingers, one for Pris and one for Zhora. Although this act seemed quite inhuman, the motivation behind it seemed quite believable. He also demonstrates an inhumane role when he kills Tyrell but Tyrell is inhumane to create intelligent beings with such a limited life span displaying greed and manipulation. Batty also showed many human emotions as he talked of the horrors he had endured. It was obviously very difficult for him to take these nightmares as they affected him much in the same way it would have affected any human. He also exhibited human qualities when he saved Deckard from falling off the building. Quote: Quite an experience to live in fear, isnt it? Thats what its like to live as a slave. At the last moment, Roy saves him by grabbing his wrist with the nail-impaled hand. He draws him up to the roof, and lays him down. Pris also shows human qualities. Pris was very naive. She seemed to be the least developed of all of the Replicants and therefore was very much a follower. She also had a certain sort of innocence. Quote: Then were stupid, and well die! She says this after Batty tells of the deaths of their friends, which show that she is scared and starting to get worried that shell die, she has feelings, and starts to panic. Towards the end of the movie it levels it up to see that both Batty and Deckard show us the meaning of what it means to be alive. .u2e31bc76fbba5f330051b59f40f83533 , .u2e31bc76fbba5f330051b59f40f83533 .postImageUrl , .u2e31bc76fbba5f330051b59f40f83533 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2e31bc76fbba5f330051b59f40f83533 , .u2e31bc76fbba5f330051b59f40f83533:hover , .u2e31bc76fbba5f330051b59f40f83533:visited , .u2e31bc76fbba5f330051b59f40f83533:active { border:0!important; } .u2e31bc76fbba5f330051b59f40f83533 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2e31bc76fbba5f330051b59f40f83533 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2e31bc76fbba5f330051b59f40f83533:active , .u2e31bc76fbba5f330051b59f40f83533:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2e31bc76fbba5f330051b59f40f83533 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2e31bc76fbba5f330051b59f40f83533 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2e31bc76fbba5f330051b59f40f83533 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2e31bc76fbba5f330051b59f40f83533 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2e31bc76fbba5f330051b59f40f83533:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2e31bc76fbba5f330051b59f40f83533 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2e31bc76fbba5f330051b59f40f83533 .u2e31bc76fbba5f330051b59f40f83533-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2e31bc76fbba5f330051b59f40f83533:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Loyalty in Twelfth Night Essay Roy Batty shows this by saving Deckard of falling off the building, sitting in front of Deckard releasing a dove to commemorate his death that he most likely learned to accept and appreciate while Deckard demonstrates a humane act when he hurries home to find Rachel, desperate to escape the city with her before someone in the Blade Runner unit finds them. As they leave Rachel knocks over the unicorn that was placed on the floor, symbolizing her escape from the Tyrell Corporation, which only looked upon her as a replicant. Deckard fell in love with her as a human, and by doing so; she became . Bladerunner Humanity of Deckard Roy Batty Essay Example For Students Bladerunner: Humanity of Deckard Roy Batty Essay Roy Batty and Deckard are both able to show us what it means to be human. To what extent do you agree? Through Blade Runner, we see an epic quest filled with meaning and symbolism applicable to the human condition. Replicants are basically human beings, except for the fact that they lack a history. As a consequence of this, perhaps, they also lack proper emotional faculties especially empathy. Empathy is the ability to place oneself in the position of another living being and understand that persons feelings. Blade runner promotes that empathy is the defining characteristics for humanity. The replicants, designed not to show any emotion, develop spiritually and emotionally throughout the film. We will write a custom essay on Bladerunner: Humanity of Deckard Roy Batty specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The characters in the movie, even the ones that were not human, had many humanistic and believable qualities. Many of them were able to feel love as well as hate. Although Deckard is supposedly human he at times shows less emotion than Roy. He seems heartless and uncompassionate making himself look very unhuman. We see that Deckard is possibly not human as well, but a replicant. He shows no compassion when he tells Rachel of her being a replicant with implants. In tears, Rachel sneaks out of Deckards apartment and into the streets. The only time in which Deckard really shows emotion is accomplished when Roy, forging Deckard through the fires of a harrowing battle, looks terrified knowing that he is going to die. Through this, Roy tries to communicate his life experiences, and the importance of life before his own flame extinguishes explaining of the horrors of their enslavement. Again, all of these human characteristics that the non-human characters showed makes them more believable for the viewers. The whole definition of humanity is changed by its interaction with the Replicants. For the replicant Roy Batty it was obvious that that he felt strong emotions, perhaps even love for his fellow replicants. After Deckard killed Pris, Roy leaned over her and kissed her showing that he had loved her. He also showed these feelings for Pris and Zhora breaking two of Deckards fingers, one for Pris and one for Zhora. Although this act seemed quite inhuman, the motivation behind it seemed quite believable. He also demonstrates an inhumane role when he kills Tyrell but Tyrell is inhumane to create intelligent beings with such a limited life span displaying greed and manipulation. Batty also showed many human emotions as he talked of the horrors he had endured. It was obviously very difficult for him to take these nightmares as they affected him much in the same way it would have affected any human. He also exhibited human qualities when he saved Deckard from falling off the building. Quote: Quite an experience to live in fear, isnt it? Thats what its like to live as a slave. At the last moment, Roy saves him by grabbing his wrist with the nail-impaled hand. He draws him up to the roof, and lays him down. Pris also shows human qualities. Pris was very naive. She seemed to be the least developed of all of the Replicants and therefore was very much a follower. She also had a certain sort of innocence. Quote: Then were stupid, and well die! She says this after Batty tells of the deaths of their friends, which show that she is scared and starting to get worried that shell die, she has feelings, and starts to panic. Towards the end of the movie it levels it up to see that both Batty and Deckard show us the meaning of what it means to be alive. .ua07fe0e9428a7dad734d722d8ee4d435 , .ua07fe0e9428a7dad734d722d8ee4d435 .postImageUrl , .ua07fe0e9428a7dad734d722d8ee4d435 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua07fe0e9428a7dad734d722d8ee4d435 , .ua07fe0e9428a7dad734d722d8ee4d435:hover , .ua07fe0e9428a7dad734d722d8ee4d435:visited , .ua07fe0e9428a7dad734d722d8ee4d435:active { border:0!important; } .ua07fe0e9428a7dad734d722d8ee4d435 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua07fe0e9428a7dad734d722d8ee4d435 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua07fe0e9428a7dad734d722d8ee4d435:active , .ua07fe0e9428a7dad734d722d8ee4d435:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua07fe0e9428a7dad734d722d8ee4d435 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua07fe0e9428a7dad734d722d8ee4d435 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua07fe0e9428a7dad734d722d8ee4d435 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua07fe0e9428a7dad734d722d8ee4d435 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua07fe0e9428a7dad734d722d8ee4d435:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua07fe0e9428a7dad734d722d8ee4d435 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua07fe0e9428a7dad734d722d8ee4d435 .ua07fe0e9428a7dad734d722d8ee4d435-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua07fe0e9428a7dad734d722d8ee4d435:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The novel Victor Essay Roy Batty shows this by saving Deckard of falling off the building, sitting in front of Deckard releasing a dove to commemorate his death that he most likely learned to accept and appreciate while Deckard demonstrates a humane act when he hurries home to find Rachel, desperate to escape the city with her before someone in the Blade Runner unit finds them. As they leave Rachel knocks over the unicorn that was placed on the floor, symbolizing her escape from the Tyrell Corporation, which only looked upon her as a replicant. Deckard fell in love with her as a human, and by doing so; she became . Bladerunner Humanity Of Deckard Roy Batty Essay Example For Students Bladerunner: Humanity Of Deckard Roy Batty Essay Bladerunner: Humanity Of Deckard Roy Batty Essay Roy Batty and Deckard are both able to show us what it means to be human. To what extent do you agree? Through Blade Runner, we see an epic quest filled with meaning and symbolism applicable to the human condition. Replicants are basically human beings, except for the fact that they lack a history. As a consequence of this, perhaps, they also lack proper emotional faculties especially empathy. Empathy is the ability to place oneself in the position of another living being and understand that persons feelings. We will write a custom essay on Bladerunner: Humanity Of Deckard Roy Batty specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Blade runner promotes that empathy is the defining characteristics for humanity. The replicants, designed not to show any emotion, develop spiritually and emotionally throughout the film. The characters in the movie, even the ones that were not human, had many humanistic and believable qualities. Many of them were able to feel love as well as hate. Although Deckard is supposedly human he at times shows less emotion than Roy. He seems heartless and uncompassionate making himself look very unhuman. We see that Deckard is possibly not human as well, but a replicant. He shows no compassion when he tells Rachel of her being a replicant with implants. In tears, Rachel sneaks out of Deckards apartment and into the streets. The only time in which Deckard really shows emotion is accomplished when Roy, forging Deckard through the fires of a harrowing battle, looks terrified knowing that he is going to die. Through this, Roy tries to communicate his life experiences, and the importance of life before his own flame extinguishes explaining of the horrors of their enslavement. Again, all of these human characteristics that the non-human characters showed makes them more believable for the viewers. The whole definition of humanity is changed by its interaction with the Replicants. For the replicant Roy Batty it was obvious that that he felt strong emotions, perhaps even love for his fellow replicants. After Deckard killed Pris, Roy leaned over her and kissed her showing that he had loved her. He also showed these feelings for Pris and Zhora breaking two of Deckards fingers, one for Pris and one for Zhora. Although this act seemed quite inhuman, the motivation behind it seemed quite believable. He also demonstrates an inhumane role when he kills Tyrell but Tyrell is inhumane to create intelligent beings with such a limited life span displaying greed and manipulation. Batty also showed many human emotions as he talked of the horrors he had endured. It was obviously very difficult for him to take these nightmares as they affected him much in the same way it would have affected any human. He also exhibited human qualities when he saved Deckard from falling off the building. Quote: Quite an experience to live in fear, isnt it? Thats what its like to live as a slave. At the last moment, Roy saves him by grabbing his wrist with the nail-impaled hand. He draws him up to the roof, and lays him down. Pris also shows human qualities. Pris was very naive. She seemed to be the least developed of all of the Replicants and therefore was very much a follower. She also had a certain sort of innocence. Quote: Then were stupid, and well die! She says this after Batty tells of the deaths of their friends, which show that she is scared and starting to get worried that shell die, she has feelings, and starts to panic. Towards the end of the movie it levels it up to see that both Batty and Deckard show us the meaning of what it means to be alive. .u6f8e0e9b4741ff92a4cfcda4c5b512fc , .u6f8e0e9b4741ff92a4cfcda4c5b512fc .postImageUrl , .u6f8e0e9b4741ff92a4cfcda4c5b512fc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6f8e0e9b4741ff92a4cfcda4c5b512fc , .u6f8e0e9b4741ff92a4cfcda4c5b512fc:hover , .u6f8e0e9b4741ff92a4cfcda4c5b512fc:visited , .u6f8e0e9b4741ff92a4cfcda4c5b512fc:active { border:0!important; } .u6f8e0e9b4741ff92a4cfcda4c5b512fc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6f8e0e9b4741ff92a4cfcda4c5b512fc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6f8e0e9b4741ff92a4cfcda4c5b512fc:active , .u6f8e0e9b4741ff92a4cfcda4c5b512fc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6f8e0e9b4741ff92a4cfcda4c5b512fc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6f8e0e9b4741ff92a4cfcda4c5b512fc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6f8e0e9b4741ff92a4cfcda4c5b512fc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6f8e0e9b4741ff92a4cfcda4c5b512fc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6f8e0e9b4741ff92a4cfcda4c5b512fc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6f8e0e9b4741ff92a4cfcda4c5b512fc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6f8e0e9b4741ff92a4cfcda4c5b512fc .u6f8e0e9b4741ff92a4cfcda4c5b512fc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6f8e0e9b4741ff92a4cfcda4c5b512fc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Western Expansion Of The U.S. Essay Thesis Roy Batty shows this by saving Deckard of falling off the building, sitting in front of Deckard releasing a dove to commemorate his death that he most likely learned to accept and appreciate while Deckard demonstrates a humane act when he hurries home to find Rachel, desperate to escape the city with her before someone in the Blade Runner unit finds them. As they leave Rachel knocks over the unicorn that was placed on the floor, symbolizing her escape from the Tyrell Corporation, which only looked upon her as a replicant. .

What if Germany had won World War 2 an Example by

What if Germany had won World War 2 Introduction Need essay sample on "What if Germany had won World War 2" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed World war II was a widespread war that occurred amongst most of the countries in the world. It was a great war which forced most countries to place their complete scientific, industrial and economic efforts toward war, combining both military and civilian resources. It was the most deadly conflict in the history of humans, with fatalities reported to have exceeded 70 million people. The military personnel involved in this war exceeded 100 million, which further shows the enormity of the war. The war started after Germany invaded Poland and subsequently, British Dominions, France, and the United Kingdom declared war on Germany. After the war, the United States and the Soviet Union emerged as the superpowers, which subsequently led to the cold war. This war led to the emergence of the United Nations, which was tasked with the responsibility of preventing such a war in future. According to Jacobsen and Smith, (96-97), Germany, Italy, and Japan subsequently formed a tripartite pact, which was meant to counter any move by the US to become involved in the war. The pact maintained that the three nations would cooperate and stand by each other over a decade, in order to establish a new order which would safeguard the welfare and prosperity of the citizens of these countries. According to Gudmens and the US Army Command and General Staff College Combat Studies Institute (63-64), the Japanese attacks on the American fleets in Pearl Harbor in 1941, led to the use of the atomic bombs on Japan, in the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The damage caused by the two bombs that were dropped in the two cities was unprecedented, and this led to the surrender of Japan in 1945. This effectively ended the war. Alliance with Japan as Germany's downfall. The alliance of Germany with Japan can be said to be a major contributor to Germany's downfall. According to Dunn (120-121), the initial pact between Germany, Japan, and Italy was meant to safeguard the interests of the citizens of the three countries, but Japan's downfall led to the collapse of the axis. As has been explained above, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor causing significant damage to US ships as well as casualties to US troops. This act, combined with Japan's refusal to surrender unconditionally, in line with the agreement in Potsdam, led to the use of atomic bombs by the US on Japan. The bombs killed an estimated 80,000 people in Nagasaki and another 140,000 in Hiroshima. According to Oakes and Kia (30-31), thousands subsequently died after being exposed to the radia tion, and this led to the surrender of Japan. Japan considered the atomic bombs to be a threat to humanity, and could not bear losses of such magnitude, especially considering that the US was planning to use other such bombs on it. These bombs exposed the superiority of the US, especially considering that Germany did not have such bombs. The surrender of Japan crippled the axis and effectively led to the end of the war, which was a blow to Germany. Germany's concern for cleansing as a contributor to their defeat in the war. During the World War II, Adolf Hitler orchestrated the murder of 6 million Jews, in an effort to 'cleanse' the world. The number of Jews who were killed was a third of the total Jewish global population at the time. The Nazis, under control from Hitler, blamed the Jews for corrupting the German culture through 'mongrel' and 'foreign' influence. The Nazis also portrayed Germans as honest, courageous and hardworking, and the Jews as cowardly and evil. The Germans built many concentration camps where the Jews were incarcerated and spent vast resources persecuting the Jews. In 1941, Germany invaded the Soviet Union and assassinated over 30,000 Jews during the first two days, through several assassination squads. It is clear that Germany spent vast resources equipping its assassination squads and other elite teams which murdered Jews. Other resources were also used for building and maintaining concentration camps. In a period of war, all resources should be used to fight the enemies, as opposed to diverting them for any other uses. Germany diverted some of its resources to 'cleanse' itself from Jews and this played a part in their defeat in the war.Germany's invention of the atomic bomb as a factor that would have made them win the war. The effects of the atomic bombs that were used by the US, were the main contributors to the end of the World War II. This, as has been explained above, is due to the number of fatalities, damage to property and future effects that they caused to humanity. In fact, Japan surrendered after the realization that the entire human race could be wiped out by solely using these bombs. The effects of the bombs caused by the radiation affected future generations. The US was preparing to use other bombs on Japan, and the loss was too great to bear, hence the surrender. If Germany had developed the atomic bomb first, then this would have been an almost certainty of winning the war. Germany needed to enrich the uranium to eighty percent level or above, and it would have developed an atomic bomb. If they had it first, they would definitely have used it against its enemies, under the rule of Hitler. In fact, Hitler would have dropped the bombs in the most densely populated cities, which would have led to the highest number of civilian casualties, without flinching a muscle. This would have made even the most determined nations to surrender, including the US and Soviet Union. Germany's success in invading USSR if its soldiers were better equipped Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941 through an operation which was referred to as Operation Barbarossa. The invasion was supported by the axis and involved over 4.5 million Axis powers' troops. The main purpose of this invasion was to conquer Soviet Union's link which connected Astrakhan and Arkhangelsk. However, Hitler did not achieve the success he had anticipated, and Germans were repulsed from Moscow. They were not able to mount a successful offensive afterward. The major factors that led to the lack of success were harsh climate and terrain, as well as lack of adequate equipment. The Germans launched their attacks during the summer, under the assumption that the war would be over by the time the harsh winters arrived. However, the war dragged on for longer, and the German soldiers did not have adequate clothing to keep their bodies warm. They also had a series of mishaps which limited the troops' access to weaponry. For instance, the V2 rocket failed in its last stage of development thereby decreasing the effectiveness of the Germans' attacks. The harsh winter also froze some weapons, including vehicles. Better equipment and clothing would have made the chances of Hitler's success much higher than they were. Period of time war would have dragged on if D-day was unsuccessful The D-day offensive began in 1944 and posed to end the German offensive. According to Gerrard (84-85), troops from the allied countries invaded France and fought the Germans, in a bid to liberate France. Before the D-day, the allies destroyed the bridges and railways in France and Belgium in a bid to limit the ability of Germans to access reserves. They also deceived the Germans that they would attack the country through Pas de Calais. On D-day, more than 4000 craft and 5000 ships were used in landing on the beaches. According to Zaloga and Johnson (64-65), the Germans initially put up resistance, but they were defeated by the heavily armed Allies. The Allies gained the necessary momentum after succeeding in Normandy, while the Germans were demotivated by the losses. The success in Normandy played a crucial role in the Allies' success in the war in general. If Germany had won this battle, it would have been motivated to fight harder and conquer more territories in Europe. Hitler would have captured many prisoners, aircraft, ships, tanks, arms and other equipment that would have strengthened the German troops. However, in my view, the war would not have dragged on for very long, since Germany had other weaknesses in its strategy. Some of the weaknesses have been discussed in the paper, and others include errors in strategy. Germany was trying to capture too many territories simultaneously, and this was, in fact, crippling its troops, supply, and weaponry. Another factor is that the US would still have developed the atomic bomb, which would have forced Germany to surrender irrespective of the win at Normandy. In my view, the war would not have gone on for more than five years, irrespective of whichever side won the Normandy battle. Conclusion It can be concluded that in addition to lack of equipment, poor clothing and the impact of the US atomic bomb, Germany still faced other challenges that would have made it difficult to win World War II. The conquering of too many territories simultaneously, as has been discussed, weakened the Germans. Focus on other non-war issues such as 'cleansing' the Germans also shifted resources to other less important goals. However, the alliance with Japan can be said to be one of the greatest mistakes Hitler made, and which cost Germany victory during World War II. Works Cited Dunn, Dennis. Caught Between Roosevelt & Stalin: America's Ambassadors to Moscow. Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky, 1998, p 120-121. Gerrard, Howard. D-Day 1944. New York: Osprey Publishing, 2002, p 84-85. Gudmens, Jeffrey & US Army Command and General Staff College Combat Studies Institute. Staff Ride Team. Staff Ride Handbook for the Attack on Pearl Harbor, 7 _ December 1941: A Study of Defending America. New York: DIANE Publishing, 2005, p 63. Jacobsen, Hans-Adolf & Smith, Arthur. World War II, Policy, and Strategy: Selected _ Documents with Commentary. Washington: Clio Books, 1979, p 96-97. Oakes, Elizabeth & Kia, Mehrdad. Social Science Resources in the Electronic Age. New York: Greenwood Press, 2004, p30-31. Zaloga, Steven & Johnson, Hugh. D-Day Fortifications in Normandy. New York: Osprey Publishing, 2005, p 64-65.

Research Papers Proposal

Research Papers Proposal Research Papers Proposal Research Paper ProposalA research paper proposal is a paper that briefly outlines the most essential issues of your research. A research paper proposal is handed to the defense committee in order for them to estimate the level of your preparation for research. If you get approval from them, you may start research and writing your research paper itself. If you need help writing a research paper or do not know how to write a research paper, you should contact us for professional research paper writing service! We deliver " research paper no plagiarism"!For a novice at conducting independent research, a research paper proposal may seem rather a complicated assignment. Still, with a bit of practice, efforts, and our guide a research paper proposal will be much easy to produce. So, follow the guidelines below.1. Decide on the topicChoosing a research paper topic is one of the most serious and important first steps to making a research paper proposal. You have to think over several fac tors influencing your decision as for the topic: the needs of research community, your personal preferences, and supervisors recommendations.2. Explore the historical context of the topic under considerationFind out who else investigated the similar problems in their works and what their approaches to it were.3. Formulate the objectives of your researchIt is very important for you to see the purpose you have to aim at. It will help you rally your thoughts together and get ready for the work.4. Make the introductory part for your research paper proposalThe introductory part of a research paper proposal usually introduces the problem under consideration. Here, tell what you are going to investigate, what results you suppose to obtain, and how you are going to achieve your purposes.5. Make up a literature reviewA literature review is another compulsory part of a research paper proposal. A review of literature is not only enumeration of existing works devoted to a certain problem. It is a deep analysis of these works presented in a form of logically connected standpoints on your research paper topic. 6. Inform on the research methods you are going to useMethodology is the last main part of a research paper proposal. Here, you have to present the methods chosen for doing research and explain your choice. In this part of your research paper proposal, explain why these methods are applicable and effective in relation to your research topic. How do you think they might help you?If you follow the guidelines presented above, you are sure to create a well-structured research paper proposal and get approval from the committee. If you are looking for research paper example, surf our free blog for numerous research proposals written from scratch!

The Origin of the Name Nunavut

The Origin of the Name Nunavut The meaning of Nunavut is the Inuktitut word for our land.  Nunavut is one of the three territories and 10 provinces that make up Canada. Nunavut became a territory of Canada in 1999, formed from the eastern region of the mainland Northwest Territories and most of the Arctic Archipelago.  The vast territory is helmed by its capital,  Iqaluit, located at the head of  Frobisher Bay  on southern  Baffin Island. In 1975, an accord, the  James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement, was agreed upon  between the Canadian federal government, the Province of Quebec and Inuit representatives. This accord resulted in the establishment of the  Kativik Regional Government  in the Nunavik territory, and the residents of all 14 Nunavik settlements now elect their own representatives in regional elections. The Inuktitut Language Inuktitut, or Eastern Canadian  Inuktitut, is one of the principal  Inuit languages  of  Canada. It is also an aboriginal language that is  written  using the Canadian Aboriginal syllabics. Syllabics is a family of  consonant-based alphabets called abugidas. It is used by several Aboriginal  Canadian  language families including Algonquian,  Inuit, and Athabaskan.   Vastly different from the  Latin script used by more widespread  languages, the use of  syllabics greatly increases the likelihood of literacy among readers, due to its ease of use.   The Inuktitut language is spoken throughout Arctic Canada, including all areas north of the  tree line. The northern regions in the provinces of Quebec, Newfoundland Labrador,  Manitoba,  and  Nunavut use the language, as well as the Northwest Territories.  Inuktitut not only refers to the language but the entire culture of the Eastern Canadian Inuit.   Inuit Culture and Language The Inuit mannerisms, social behaviors, and values make up Inuktitut, in addition to the written and spoken word. An Inuktitut education takes place outside of traditional schools in the home,  and also on the land, sea, and ice. Young tribe members observe their parents and elders  and practice their new language and life skills in order to perfect them. The word  Inuit means the people, and it is an autonym. The singular form is  Inuk. Lifestyle Based Around Extreme Weather Conditions The Inuit lifestyle is completely based around the  extreme weather conditions they must endure. Basic survival skills along with fishing, hunting and  trapping are essential for daily life. Agriculture has always been an impossibility, so instead, the  Inuit diet is unlike any typical eating plan found elsewhere in the world. Beluga whale, seal, arctic char, crab, walrus, caribou, duck, moose, caribou, quail and geese make up almost the entirety of their diet, except in the warmer months when field roots and  berries, such as cloudberries are picked and served, when in season. This meat and fat-heavy diet has proven to be a health issue for the Inuits. Many suffer from  a  low  calcium and vitamin D intake, but surprisingly, a vitamin C definitely has not been an issue for most.

CS346-1501A-01 User Interface Design Phase 3 DB Coursework

CS346-1501A-01 User Interface Design Phase 3 DB - Coursework Example The purpose of this paper is to highlight the different benefits of usability test and how effective it becomes when developing an application that utilizes one of the rapid application methodologies. The most important reason for performing a usability test is to ensure that the design is what the user needs because there are very many websites and designs, which are very similar. Users always go for the easy and efficient websites, sites that are easy to use increase user satisfaction hence the company gets more users, and it also edges competition from their rivals. It is at this stage, designers identify the need to alter the design with an aim of improving user performance and satisfaction. These tests also help to analyze the performance and check whether it meets its outlined objectives. However, a formal laboratory is not necessary to facilitate such tests, the most important part is that there should be a user and an observer who can be in the same room with the user or can alternatively use another. Portable recording equipment is not necessary for such scenarios. Usability test has proved to be essential in the development of any type of products that endeavors to capture the consumer who is the user in this case. In reference to rapid application development, usability test is vital since it provides the required information about the requirements and the different ways of testing the designs (Edrington 1999). In this type of model, the different components are developed in parallel as if they are just sub projects. The designers arrange the developments and deliver them into a working prototype. It is at this stage that the user achieves something visible to see and try out to provide feedback in regards to phase. RAD model encourages the feedback of the customer, which is the backbone of the usability test because it depends solely on the customer to provide information about the type of product that will suit him. On the

FOUNDATIONS OF OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT Coursework

FOUNDATIONS OF OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT - Coursework Example The office is small as it was the starting point of the business. The company had been trying to find a way to explore the potential clients at the sea side, but had been reluctant to work on a business plan or business strategy due to the presence of a huge number and variety of competitors already operating in that set up. Instead they have been focusing on building a brand name and customer loyalty through exceptional customer care. Due to this strategy the company had been fast in reaching their annual profit goal, in fact they have exceeded it. So, the board has decided that it is time to step in this potential market. The company’s resorts are already present there and are flourishing but research has shown that a small restaurant will attract a lot of foreign tourists and who could say no to a side profit. A business plan has already been made and approved, this plan includes financial planning, restaurant market research, cash flow forecast, competitor’s analysi s, human resource planning and a marketing plan. More than 70% of our surveyed foreigners focus group deduced having a liking to eat their homelands native food rather than trying new things even in foreign land. Due to already being able to deal with a lot of tourists our chefs are already specialized in foreign cuisine. This is a strength as compare to the potential competitors. Client satisfaction with services and the main menu has been and keeps on being of most extreme significance, yet our discoveries demonstrate that the lighting, bar, decor, and different alternatives to enhance the feasting experience are additionally figures in client choices and tourists are mainly attracted to such places. Cash flow for the next two year has been prepared starting from a huge outflow in the first three months in the preparation and setting up of the restaurant. Starting from cleaning of the already present

Stop and Frisk Essay Example for Free

Stop and Frisk Essay The Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution protects people against unreasonable searches and seizures. Modern officials have granted police officers in New York City an incentive to respect the amendment. The Stop and Frisk program employed by the New York Police Department, gives police officers the right to initiate a stop of an individual on the street allegedly and do a quick search of their outer clothes for weapons based on if the officer has a reasonable suspicion that a crime has or is about to take place and the person stopped is armed or dangerous. This reasonable suspicion is not based with specific facts but from the hunches from New York Police officers. Stop and frisk has been a New York Police Department tool for decades, but in recent years it has generated an increased amount of disapproval and debate due to the disturbing rate in communities of color, who often feel under attack and harassed by the police. Minorities make up the majority percentage of people searched in predominantly white neighborhoods, which is why I believe that either some kind of quota or limit should be implicated where only a certain percentage of people stopped can be of a specific race or from specific neighborhood, or New York City should just get rid of the program all together. In 2011 alone, 700,000 New Yorkers were pulled over for stop and frisk searches. Approximately 87 percent were Hispanic or Black and of that percentage 90 percent were deemed innocent (Huffington Post). In comparison, from 2002 to 2011 Hispanics and Blacks made up 90 percent of people stopped, and 88 percent of those stopped were innocent New Yorker (New York Civil Liberties Union). If racial profiling in this case was effective that would be one thing, but there has yet to be any published research that has proven the effectiveness of this program, which is shown in the lack of arrests produced. Violent crimes in New York have decreased by 29 percent between 2001 and 2010; however, other major cities, such as Los Angeles and New Orleans, have experience larger declines without the use of stop and frisk (New York Civil Liberties Union). This is a clear example of why this program; that causes more harm than good, should be abolished. Every American citizen has the constitutional right from unreasonable search and seizure. This epidemic affects too many people for it to be ignored any longer. My own brother and his peers faced being stopped and frisked just because of they were African Americans in a predominantly white neighborhood. Neither my brother nor his peers were a threat, possessed a weapon, or had a criminal record of any kind. Under the stop and frisk exception, the police can stop you on the street and pat you down for anything illegal as long as they have suspicion. Don’t wait until you are personally affected by this unconstitutional procedure before you take a stand against it.

A Life Lived Well! Essay -- Literary Analysis, Hawthorne

In The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne there are many symbols in his novel. According to Laurence Prerrine defines â€Å"[a] literary symbol [as] something that means more than what it is. It is an object, a person, a situation, an action, or some other item that has a literal meaning as well.† Hawthorne uses a physiognomy defined by Laurence Prerrine, Hawthorne â€Å"choosing names for [his] character that serve[s] not only to label them but also to suggest something about them†: for example Pearl, Hester Prynne, Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, and Roger Chillingworth in The Scarlet Letter. As symbolism appears all throughout the story Hawthorne creates his characters in how the name, physical appearance, and behavior of each of his characters. In Hawthorne story the character Pearl symbolizes living sin, an outcast, a treasure, and a child with knowledge that most puritan children may not have. Pearl is Hester Prynne and Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale’s daughter who is conceived in adultery (49). Because her mother and father were not married this is a sin in the puritan culture (48, 77). Pearl is an outcast for this reason and for not behaving as a puritan child should be have. Pearl would throw rocks, scream like a witch, and run away (84-85). She was also alienated because she was not living in a family that is approved by the magistrate. This disapproval of a single parent home they tried to take her away from her mother (89). This battle for a Christian home for Pearl is the only concern that the magistrate had for her eternal life (92). Hester views Pearl as a â€Å"rare treasure† and that she can raise her child in a Christian home like the rest of the other families (80). Pearl’s behavior is like a sprite, or she screams like a wi... ... a secret to the public (219). Dimmesdale and Chillingworth both have secrets that affect them in the same way but emotionally differently in the ways of physical manifestation. Nathaniel Hawthorne uses many sensors to symbolize his story with Pearl, Hester, Arthur, and Roger to show that life goes on even when you have gone away from the stereotypes of the people who surround you. From Pearl being a demon child to growing up to becomes a mother to her child or from Hester Prynne keeping her mistake to herself and moving on in life and learning that no matter what the law she broke that she can thrive in her living. As for Dimmesdale and Chillingworth we see one set free when he confesses his sin and one who disappears when there is no sin to keep as a secret. As all lives have its road blocks, but Hester Prynne lives a life learning how to get around the road.

Begin with God

The purpose of your life is far greater than your own personal fulfillment, your peace of mind, your dreams, ambition, and even your happiness. To know why you are on this planet, you need to start with God, because you were born by HIS purpose and for HIS purpose. For instance, ‘you bought equipment, without the manual you may never know how to operate but guess. It’s only the creator or the owner of the equipment that could reveal its purpose and how it works (may be through a manual) In the same way, you cannot arrive at your life’s purpose by starting with a focus on yourself; you must begin with God, your creator. It is only in God that you discover your origin, your identity, your meaning, your purpose, your significance and your destiny. Proverbs 11:28Colossians 1 : 16 ‘for everything, absolutely everything, above and below, visible and invisible, everything got started in him and finds its purpose in him’ Have you ever ask yourself the followi ng:What do I want to be? What should I do with my life? What are my goals, my ambitions, and my dreams for my future? The above questions are focused self centered, rather the question should be. ‘What is the purpose of God for my life?’ Romans 8:6 ‘obsession with self in these matters is a dead end, attention to God leads us out into the open, into a spacious free life’ Job 12: 10 ‘It is God who directs the lives of his creatures; everyone’s life is in his power’ You could reach your personal goals, become a raving success by the world’s standard and still miss the purpose for which God created you. Discovering Purpose is about becoming what God created you to be.How to Discover Purpose a.By Speculation: (guess, theorize, conjecture etc) some people made up a purpose for life; others were honest enough to say they were clueless b.By Revelation: the easiest and the only way to discover purpose is to ask the creator of it (Ask God) because God has not left us in the dark to wonder and guess. HE has revealed five purposes for our lives through the bible (i.e. Owner’s manual) 1 Corinthians 2 : 7‘God’s wisdom goes deep into the interior of his purposes, it’s not the latest message, but more like the oldest, what God determined as the way to bring out his best in us’ God is not just the starting point but the source of it, so to discover purpose we must turn to God’s word and build our lives on eternal truth. Ephesians 1:11‘It is in Christ that we find out who we are and what we are living for. Long before we first heard of Christ and got our hopes up, he had his eye on us, had designs on us for glorious living, part of the overall purpose he is working out in everything and everyone’1.Through relationship with God 2.Turn to God’s word to find out who you are and what you are living for 3.God knew us even before you were born and had designed/shaped pur pose for your life, HE planned your existence, which predates your existence, without your input 4.Live a glorious life that will glorify HIS name 5.The purpose of your life fits into a much larger purpose that God has designed for eternity Jeremiah 17: 7 – 8

Reinventing the Starbucks Experience

In his memo to his senior team, Howard Schultz wrote about his visions of Starbucks and his disappointment over what he called the â€Å"commoditization of the Starbucks experience. † He gave a detailed list of the decisions that has contributed to this fate. His visions are clear and the arguments he presented are impeccable but this paper will look at the situation from a different viewpoint. The question is should they stick with the changes or revert to the old ways and preserve tradition? Going Big Howard Schultz mentioned several decisions that that led to the â€Å"watering down† of the Starbucks experience. These are: †¢ Changing La Marzocca machines with automatic espresso machines. †¢ Shifting from fresh coffee to fresh roasted bagged coffee. †¢ Transforming store design. While he believes these changes resulted to the â€Å"commoditization† of Starbucks, he admitted that these were necessary and instrumental in bringing Starbucks from 1000 to more than 13,000 stores (Schultz, 2007). These changes allowed Starbucks to speed up their services, become more efficient, cost-effective and competitive. Starbucks Soul Everything has its own price. Starbucks achieved their business goals but lost sight of their vision along the way. For Howard Schultz, losing their â€Å"soul† for profit was a high price to pay. In his memo, he mentioned that shifting from La Marzocca to automatic espresso machines removed the â€Å"romance and theater† of the process. The height of the machines blocked the view and took away the intimacy of the experience. Shifting to roasted coffee took out the aroma and stripped the store of its tradition and heritage. Lastly, changing store design eliminated the â€Å"warm feeling of a neighborhood store† (Schultz, 2007). Reinventing the Experience Soul, experience, romance, theater, temple- these are some of the words Howard Schultz associated with Starbucks. Reading his memo gives everyone a glimpse of his vision for Starbucks. It shows how passionate he is about his product and his store. It details the experience he envisions customers would feel in going to his stores. To him, it is not just selling coffee, it’s an experience. It is not just a store, it’s a temple. It is not just good customer service, it is romance. For someone who found his â€Å"Mecca† in Starbucks, those things mean a great deal. However, Schultz has to consider the possibility that not all people share that vision. A lot of people love to drink coffee but that does not mean they are as passionate about the experience as he is. Some customers are not as in love with the tradition and legacy as he is. There is nothing wrong about Howard Schultz’s vision and we can not blame him for being alarmed by the changes that happened in his stores. However, Starbucks have to be open to the fact that there might be a big difference between people who hang out in coffee shops in 1981 to the millions of Starbucks patrons around the world today. They have to realize that it is not just a simple case of profit versus soul or efficiency versus tradition. They have to consider what kind of â€Å"experience† people are hoping to get from their stores and work from their. Starbucks are founded by solid visions but that can only take them so far. In the end it is what the customers think that matters. Conclusion Howard Schultz is not just a businessman, he is a visionary. For him, profit is not enough, he want to preserve the tradition and leave a legacy. However, he has to accept the fact that to some people, coffee is just an ordinary drink, a commodity that does not need to be romanticized.

What Is Citation Order (Authorâ€Date Referencing) - Get Proofed!

What Is Citation Order (Author–Date Referencing) - Get Proofed! What Is Citation Order? Did you know that you can reference more than one source at once? This is a skill that every student should have. In this post, then, we’re looking at the rules for citing multiple sources and how citation order works in author-date referencing. When to Cite Multiple Sources Most of the time, one source is enough for a citation. For example, if you simply want to show where an author has discussed something, all you need to do is cite the relevant text: He argues that sport can be understood in economic terms (Lee, 2015). But if you want to show that someone has discussed something in more than one text, you could cite multiple sources by the same author. Likewise, to show that several people have discussed the same thing in various places, you could cite multiple sources by different authors. We will explain how this works below. However, keep in mind that you should only include multiple sources in a single citation if they support the same point. If you’re making more than one point in a single passage of text, you should give a separate citation each time. Citing Multiple Sources by One Author To cite more than one source by a single author, all you need to do is list the years of publication in chronological order. For example: He repeatedly argues that sport can be understood in economic terms (Lee, 1999, 2008, 2015). This shows Lee has made the same argument in at least three places. Each source would then be listed with full publication details in the reference list. One slight exception to this is MLA referencing, where citations do not include a year of publication. If you’re citing more than one source by the same author, you’ll therefore need to give a shortened version of the title for each one. Multiple Authors (Citation Order) Things get a bit more complicated when citing multiple sources by different authors. One common way of doing this (e.g., the style recommended in APA referencing) is to list sources alphabetically by author surname with a semicolon between each one: Other studies on the same subject reject this possibility (Acaster et al., 2002; Herring, 1986; Robins James, 1992; Widdicombe, 2015). However, some versions of author–date referencing recommend a citation order based on date of publication. For example: Other studies on the same subject reject this possibility (Herring, 1986; Robins James, 1992; Acaster et al., 2002; Widdicombe, 2015). This makes it essential to check your style guide for advice on citation order. If you cannot find specific instructions, though, simply pick one approach and apply it consistently throughout your document.

Ancient Indian Mathematics

There are opposing views prevalent regarding the prominence of mathematics in ancient India. One, there are those who make excessive claims for the antiquity of Indian mathematics with the motive of emphasizing the uniqueness of Indian mathematical achievements. Whereas, the other conflicting views denies the existence of any ‘real’ Indian mathematics before A. D. 500. This view is the result of deeply entrenched Euro centrism that does not negotiate with the idea of independent developments in early Indian mathematics. Whereas mathematics grew out of philosophy in ancient Greece, it was an outcome of linguistic developments in India. In fact the algebraic character of ancient Indian mathematics is but a byproduct of the well-established linguistic tradition of representing numbers by words. ? Around 800 B. C. Vedic mathematics declined and Jains School of mathematics gradually which was to do notable work in the field. ? From about 200 B. C. was period of instability and fragmentation due to foreign invasions but also of useful cross cultural contacts. Probably the only piece of existing mathematical evidence from this period is the Bakhshali manuscript. ? This period ranges from 3rd to 12th centuries and is referred to as the classical period of Indian civilization. Mathematical activities reached a climax with the appearance of the famous quartet: Brahmagupta, Mahvika and Bhaskracharya. Indian work on astronomy and mathematics spread westward, reaching the Islamic world where it was absorbed, refined and augmented before being transmitted to Europe. This last period described as the medieval period of Indian history, saw the migration of astronomy and mathematics from the north to south. Particularly in present day state of Kerala, this was a period marked by remarkable studies of infinite series and mathematical analysis that predated similar works in Europe by about three hundred years. Harappan society was a highly organized society. There is every possibility that the town dwellers were skilled in mensuration and practical ar ithmetic of a bid similar to what was practiced in Egypt and Mesopotamia. Archaeological findings from that period provide the following indications of the numerate culture of that society: ? It shows uniformity of weights over such a wide area and time which is quite unusual in the history of metrology. Taking 27. 584 grams as a standard, representing 1, the other weights form a series of 0. 05, 0. 1, 0. 2, 0. 5, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 500. Such standardization and durability is a strong indication of a numerate culture with wellestablished, centralized system of weights and measures. Scales and instruments for measuring length have also been discovered with remarkably high accuracy. A notable feature of Harappan culture was its extensive use of kiln-fired bricks and the advanced level of its brick-making technology. These bricks are exceptionally well baked and of excellent quality and may still be used over and over again provided some care is taken in removing them in the first place. Fifteen different sizes of Harappan bricks have been identif ied with standard ratio of the three dimensions as 4:2:1. It was thought until recently that from them evolved first the Bakhshali Number system and then the Gwalior system which is recognizably close to our present day number system. In both Bakshati and Gwalior number systems, ten symbols were used to represent 1 to 9 and zero. With them it became possible to express any number, irrespective of its largeness, by a decimal place value system. Long lists of number- names for powers of 10 are found in various early sources. In the Ramayana, it is reported that Rama had an army of 1010 +1014 +1020 +1024 +1030 +1034 +1040 +1044 +1052 +1057 +1062 +5 men. The very existence of names for powers of ten up to sixty two indicates that the Vedic Indians were quite at home with very large numbers. This is to be compared with ancient Greeks, who had no words for numbers above the myriad (104). The Jains who came after the Vedic Indians were particularly fascinated by even larger numbers which were intimately tied up with their philosophy of time and space. For units of measuring time, the Jains suggested following relationship: 1 purvis = 756 * 1011 days 1 shirsa prahelika = (8,400,000)28 purvis The last number contains 194 digits! The word numeral system was the logical outcome of proceeding by the multiples of 10. Such a system presupposes a scientifically based vocabulary of number names in which the principles of addition, subtraction and multiplication are used. Â  Due to oral mode of preserving and disseminating knowledge, the wordnumeral system persisted in India. As a replacement to this, a new concrete system was devised to help versification and memory, known as bhutasamkhya, wherein numbers were indicated by well-known objects or ideas.

Medical Ethics and the Law (UK) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Medical Ethics and the Law (UK) - Essay Example According to the report findings there are also some cases wherein the patients are not able to make theirown personal decision.   In the case of Major Tom, he was critically injured at the time the plane crashes and was unconscious at the time the proposed operation was delivered by Mr. Botch.   In this case, Mr. Botch was responsible in balancing his duty of care with regards to autonomy  or the practice of informed consent; as well as the practice of non-maleficence, beneficence  and justice.This essay stresses that the capability of the patient to give consent on a specific care or treatment should always be considered by the health care professionals unless there is are clinical evidences that can prove that the patient will never be able to be mentally capable of deciding for himself.   As a general rule, the patient have the legal right to either agree or disagree with the health care professionals’ proposed medical treatment based on the patients’ own set of values and/or religious beliefs.  It is but ethical for Mr. Botch to respect the personal decision of Major Tom with regards to whether he would go through the lung surgery or not.  Health care professionals should also practice the law of confidentiality. It is generally unethical for health care professionals to talk about or disclose the health condition of the patient to other people regardless of whether the mode of communication is verbal or in written.

The disscussion of the conceptual framework Essay

The disscussion of the conceptual framework - Essay Example The IASB’s main role is to assist international users to design an international framework for the preparation and presentation of financial report, a role that has over the years faced major criticism due to the weaknesses in the objectives and the concepts that it is based on. The Framework is developed to address the fundamental reason for the presence of the financial statements, which is to provide useful financial information about the reporting entity to all the related parties (investors, lenders, other creditors) for making decisions about providing resources to the entity. The contents of the Framework are central around the five elements from which financial statements are constructed. This paper aims at identifying and discussing the implementation of the IASB’s conceptual framework based on its hands-on objectives mainly that of providing a basis for administrative standard-setting and resolving accounting controversies in deliberation outline to the accoun ting concepts, principles and focus. The paper is organized into three sections; the first section explains the concepts, objectives and focus of the IASB’s conceptual framework, the second section describes the weaknesses and the basis of the criticism facing the IASB framework while the third section is a conclusion, summary and a discussion of the criticism facing the current IASB’s discussion paper. As stated, the IASB’s framework sets concepts that shape how financial statements are prepared and presented for external users. The IASB framework lacks accounting standard status in comparison to the statement of principles derived from the United Kingdom Accounting Standards Board (ASB). The IASB framework contains seven segments that cover areas such as; objectives of financial reporting, the underlying assumptions, Qualitative features of financial information, the fundamental rules of financial

Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah Speech or Presentation

Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah - Speech or Presentation Example Nonetheless, Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah is remembered today as being the thirteenth ruler of Kuwait, having ruled the country for close to thirty years. Therefore, he greatly influenced Kuwait, and contributed to the current state of the country. Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah is among the first Kuwaiti to attend the first school that was opened in the country. The Al-Mubarakiya School was the first school to be established in Kuwait, and this is where Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah schooled. This therefore, shows that this leader embraced education and applied his intelligence and educational knowledge in his leadership. Apart from academic schooling, Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah was also taught religion, although through a private tutor. He also learnt the English language through private tuition. In addition, he was taught the Arabic literature, as well as the basic scientific skills. This shows us that Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah was a knowledgeable man. In add ition, his family, especially his father, knew how to invest in his son through an education. Religion was also core to Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah. Therefore, he was a leader that was developed in all aspects (‘AMEinfo.com’ WEB). The first leadership responsibility of Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah was when he was 23 years-old. He was given responsibility in the region of Ahmadi, to be the director of public security. Later in the year 1962, Kuwait obtained its first Minister of finance and economy, and Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah was named as the holder of this position. Therefore, it is clear that, before Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah came into power in the year 1977 as the ruler of Kuwait, he already had an experience in leadership (‘AMEinfo.com’ WEB). A variety of leadership positions continued to shape Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah for the leadership task that lay ahead of him. In the year 1965, Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah now w as given a greater position, moving from a finance minister to the prime minister of Kuwait. Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah was finally pronounced an apparent heir and a crown prince in the middle of 1966. Afterwards, when his father, the then ruler of Kuwait passed away, Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah was crowned as the 13th ruler of Kuwait. This was in December 31, 1977, as earlier mentioned. Therefore, from Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah’s childhood, it has become clear that his father was interested in him, and invested much in him, knowing that he would be the next ruler of Kuwait. Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah’s rulership in Kuwait was not easy. He was faced with a myriad of challenges during his rulership. These emerged from both the internal and external forces, thus putting his leadership skills to test. Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah’s rule occurred at a time when there was turbulence in the political and social environment of Kuwait as well as its neighbours, Iraqi, Iran, and Syria. Since Kuwait is one of the Arabic countries and a neighbour to other Arabic countries, Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah had to get involved in various political issues in which its neighbours were involved. With regard to relationship with foreign countries, Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah prioritized peace. However, as a leader of Kuwait, Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah had to address the various threats that came from the external environment. This included the war between Iraq and Iran, which lasted for eight

The Process of Fermentation

The Process of Fermentation Background research Fermentation is a process carried out by many microorganisms and which produces a variety of useful compounds and this reaction is very important in industry for baking and brewing. In fermentation, carbon dioxide gas bubbles out of the solution into the air leaving a mixture of ethanol and water. Ethanol can be separated from the mixture by fractional distillation. Fermentation must be carried out in the absence of air to make alcohol. If air is present, ethanoic acid is made instead of alcohol. This reaction is very important in industry for baking and brewing. Yeast, is most commonly used in baking to break glucose, or other sugars to produce different products. In baking and brewing different type of yeast is used. An enzyme called invertase will convert a sugar called sucrose into smaller sugar molecules called glucose and fructose. Glucose is fermented by the yeast to ethanol and carbon dioxide. The released carbon dioxide causes dough to rise and to hold it high. The produced alcohol contributes to the breads flavour. The optimal temperature for yeast to ferment sugar is 32 °C. In warmer temperature (45  °C) the yeast cells will die. Also fructose and sucrose care used by the yeast as fermentation substrates. Sucrose is directly transformed by an enzyme called invertase, into glucose and fructose. Sucrose is a good substrate for fermentation. When sucrose or glucose is added to the dough, they are faster fermented than maltose. Sugars are small molecules which belong to the class of carbohydrates. As the name implies, a carbohydrate is a molecule whose molecular formula can be expressed in terms of just carbon and water. For example, glucose has the formula C6(H2O)6 and sucrose has the formula C6(H2O)11. More complex carbohydrates such as starch and cellulose are polymers of glucose. The difference between a monosaccharide and a disaccharide can be seen in the following example: How do enzymes work? Enzymes speeds up the biochemical reactions and they work best at an optimum temperature, however if the temperature has increased it will provide more kinetic energy to the molecules involved. Therefore the number of collisions between enzyme and substrate will increase as well as the rate of reaction. If temperature rises above the optimum the enzymes will be denatured. The bonds which are holding the structure together will break and the active sites lose their shape and will no longer react. Reference http://www.chemie.uni-regensburg.de/Organische_Chemie/Didaktik/Keusch/D-fermentation_sugar-e.htm http://www.lycos.com/info/fermentationsugars.html?page=2 Investigating the affects of sugar on the rate of fermentation The aim To investigate on how different types of sugars can affect the rate of fermentation. There are two different types of sugars that I am going to which are monosaccharide and disaccharide sugars. Introduction Respiration is the release of energy from glucose or another organic chemical. The chemical energy in glucose can be used to provide the energy required for growth, repair and movement. This is a controlled process that occurs in small steps and each step requires respiratory enzymes. These enzymes allow the process to take place at body temperature 37C °.m Aerobic Respiration is the normal form of respiration. It requires oxygen and releases the most energy from glucose. This form of respiration occurs within the mitochondria. Glucose + Oxygen = Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy C6H12O6 + O2 = CO2+H2O + Energy However, it is possible for respiration to take place without oxygen in a process known as anaerobic respiration. It also releases energy from glucose but not as much. When yeast respires anaerobically it produces carbon dioxide and alcohol. When we respire we produce lactic acid. Too much lactic acid causes fatigue to our muscles. Yeast produces ethanol (alcohol) when it respires anaerobically and ultimately the ethanol will kill the yeast. We can respire in both ways too. Normally we use oxygen, but when we are exercising, we may not get enough oxygen into our blood, so our muscles start to respire anaerobically. Word equation for anaerobic respiration: Glucose lactic acid + Energy C6H12O6 2C3H6O3 + Energy Sugars can be categorized as either simple or complex depending on their chemical structure, in other words the number of saccharides (glucids) they are composed of such as: Monosaccharide Are the most basic unit of carbohydrates and they are the simplest form of sugar. Examples of monosaccharide include glucose, fructose , and galactose. Monosaccharides are the building blocks of disaccharides such as sucrose and polysaccharides (such as cellulose and starch). Disaccharide Two monosaccharide joined together by a glycosidic linkage is called a double sugar or disaccharide. The most common disaccharide is sucrose. It is composed of glucose and fructose. Sucrose is commonly used by plants to transport sugar from one part of the plant to another. Polysaccharide Polysaccharides are polymericcarbohydrate structures, formed of repeating units joined together by glycosidic bonds. These structures are often linear, but may contain various degrees of branching. When all the monosaccharide in a polysaccharide is the same type the polysaccharide is called a homo polysaccharide, but when more than one type of monosaccharide is present they are called hetero polysaccharides. http://www.polypeptide-polysaccharide.com/ Hypothesis I hypothesise that glucose sugar which is a monosaccharide will have a greater rate of fermentation than sucrose which a disaccharide sugar. Justification There are different types of sugars that have different effects on the replication of yeast, which would have an effect on the rate of fermentation. Therefore, I am going to investigate the main two sugars (Monosaccharide and disaccharides) to check which type of sugar will have a greater rate of fermentation. Monosaccharides are simple sugars made of 1 molecule of sugar whereas disaccharides are complex sugars made of two molecule of sugar. So, my hypothesis would be that glucose will increase the rate of fermentation than sucrose because glucose is a monosaccharide sugar and therefore has one unit of sugar. This will enable the enzymes in the yeast to break down the bonds of the simple sugar very easily with less energy, and short period of time. Whereas sucrose has two unit of sugars and therefore has twice as much bonds as glucose sugar which will slow down the enzymes action in breaking down the bonds, as it requires more energy with longer period of time to break down the bonds. So, in order to check whether my hypothesis is right or wrong, I will need to perform the experiment by testing the main two sugars glucose (Monosaccharide) and sucrose (disaccharides). Experimental method In the experimental method I have decided to use the technique of titration. A titration is a technique where a solution of known concentration is used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution. So in this experiment, I am going to use the titration technique to find out which type of sugar will produce a greater rate of fermentation. Typically, the titrant is added from a burette to a known quantity of the analyte (the unknown solution) until the reaction is complete. Knowing the volume of titrant added allows the determination of the concentration of the unknown. Often, an indicator is used to usually signal the end of the reaction, the endpoint. http://www.science.uwaterloo.ca/~cchieh/cact/c123/titratn.html Here are some important apparatus that are important to carry out the titration method: * Burette: The burettes are mainly used for titrations to deliver one reactant until the precise end point of the reaction is reached. Burette used to measure the volume of a solution accurately which can be read to an accuracy of half a division that is to 0.05 cm3.  · Conical flask, beaker: The conical flasks, beakers are used for mixing, reactant and transporting but not for accurate measurements. The volume stamped on the sides of the conical flask and beaker is approximate and accurate to within 5%. * Pipette: Pipettes are used to measure small amounts of solution very accurately and it has a bulb to draw the solution into the pipette. It transfers 25 cm3 (usually to  ±0.05 cm3) of a solution into a conical flask. * Funnel: is a pipe with a wide, often conical mouth and a narrow stem (this will be needed to make sure the transferring of the sodium hydroxide into the burette in smooth and safe as possible). * 0.1M of sodium hydroxide: will be used as the solution in the burette which will indicate the amount of alkali that is needed to neutralize the acid in the fermented solution. * Phenolphthalein indicating solution: this indicator solution will help us see when the solution in the conical flask changes, it is very important that we use the same amount of drops on both solutions this will help us get an accurate colour change result. Apparatus: * 2 g dried brewers yeast. * 200cm 0.2 M fructose. * 200cm 0.2 M lactose. * 2 x 0.5 g ammonium phosphate. * 2 x 0.5 g ammonium sulphate. * 3 x 250cm wide necked conical flask. * 2 x silicone rubber bung with two holes. * 3 x glass fermentation lock. * 3 x 15cm bent glass pipette with 3cm rubber tubing. * 3 x restriction clip (Hoffman clip). * 3 x glass rod. * 50cm burette. * 3 x pipettes. * 0.1 M sodium hydroxide solution (about 400cm). * Phenolphthalein indicator solution and dropping pipette. Procedure for day 1: 1. Label two 250cm flask: fructose and lactose and control (water). Add 200cm of 0.2 M sugar solution to the named flasks and 200cm of water to the control flask. 2. Add 2 g of dried brewers yeast and then 1 g of ammonium salts to each flask (0.5 g each of ammonium phosphate and ammonium sulphate). 3. Ensure that the yeast is respuspended and the salts are dissolved in the sugar solution by carefully stirring each solution with a different glass rod. 4. Carefully and firmly insert the fermentation lock and bent pipette into the silicone rubber bungs. 5. place the bungs firmly into the neck of the flasks To assist the fermentation the flask should be placed in an incubator (15 20 C). Procedure for day 2: 1. Set up a burette containing 0.1 M sodium hydroxide solution. 2. Swirl the flask to ensure a homogenous mix of culture and remove a total of 25cm of sample (10cm + 15cm). 3. Place the removal sample into a small flask and add two or three drops of phenolphthalein solution. 4. Plot a histogram of the volume of the alkali used to neutralize each sugar solution. The histogram can be used to indicate the extent of fermentation. Justifying day one procedure: There are few things that can affect the preparation of the solutions which are usually known as a potential errors and these error can come from: Weighing balance: we used the 2 decimal place balance to weigh our samples and I think the weighing of the sample would not be reliable as it measures to 2 decimal places. In this case our results might be unreliable because we cannot determine whether it is the exact weight of the sample we are measuring. For example if we weighed out 3g of yeast on the 2 decimal place balance it would only show 3.00g, whereas if we used another balancer which measures the sample to an accuracy of 4 decimal places it would have been better because it would give us 3.0000g. Stirring rod: depending on the pace of stirring the solution if we didnt use the stirring rod gently and frequently it would affect the solubility of the sample that we are making, this is because sometimes we may think that all the solid part in a solution are fully dissolved in the sample. However, sometimes a small amount of the solid may not dissolve properly without noticing it. Therefore, it is very important that we had to stir the solution gently and frequently so that the entire solid are completely dissolved. Room temperature: leaving the solution to ferment over night the temperature of the room is not constant because at night the temperature decreases which would have an effect on the rate of reaction of the fermentation by slowing the reaction down. It would have been better if I could use a water bath so we can take a full control of the temperature and also make it constant. Duration for fermentation: the duration that was provided for fermentation was not enough for the yeast to ferment, if the solution was left for longer period time the sample might have fermented better and also if would have left the solution for longer night probably 2 to 3 nights it would have been better too. However, leaving the samples for more than 4 to 6 nights could affect the rate of fermentation because the longer we leave a sample the more contaminated the sample may get by bacteria. Justifying the procedure of day 2: In day 2 we have used the technique of titration to find out which type of sugar will produce a greater rate of fermentation. However, the manual titration technique is not as accurate as it is industries. The titration technique is carried more accurately on an industrial scales because of the automated machines that are used are automated which carry out the titration in a more accurate way and more than one sample at a time. The titration method: the method only allows us to do one titration at once which was not suitable for our time scale. We were using two burettes one for each solution but we still had to run one burette at a time. Time: I think the period of the titration was not sufficient because we had to carry out three titrations and three repeats for each type of sugar including the control, keeping in mind that we had to record the all values accurately from the titration. Therefore, we would rush in the experiment to finish all the titrations as quickly as we possibly can, so we would not carry out the investigation in an appropriate way which could affect our overall result. Recording the results and how many repeats will be performed In this investigation I will be using two types of sugars which are glucose and sucrose and a control which is water. For each type of sugar including the control I will make 3 repeats so that I can get an average result of the volume of the sodium hydroxide which has been used. I would perform a rough titration for each sugar to help me to decide approximately where the end point is going to be and how much volume of the sodium hydroxide will I need to neutralise the solution that I am testing Type Titre1 Cm ³ Titre2 Cm ³ Titre3 Cm ³ Average Cm ³ Glucose 22.65 34.85 25.90 27.80 Sucrose 52.00 40.45 40.750 46.73 Control 8.15 17.60 8.15 11.30 Once I have completed the experiment and recorded my results accurately to two decimal places, then I will work the average result for both sugars and the control for example, for glucose sugar I would add the results that I have obtained including the rough one and then divide the answer by three. Once I have calculated the average result for both sugars and the control, then I would plot a graph to show the volume of sodium hydroxide that has been used to neutralise each solution which will help to compare which type of sugar fermented better. Titration results Conclusion from the results During the titration process I kept watching for the colour of the solution we were titrating to change from cloudy white solution to a light pink colour. The light pink colour indicate that that neutralisation of the solution we are tittering is completed which known as the end point. Looking at this table it shows that sucrose has a greater rate of fermentation than glucose because it has a higher titre of sodium hydroxide that was needed to neutralise the solution. Therefore, this indicates that sucrose was more acidic and more CO2 dissolved in the sample that we were testing and also more fermentation rating took place. Accuracy of procedure and each piece of equipment used Each piece of equipment we have used, we take the volumes reading from the bottom of the meniscus. Burette used to measure the volume of a solution accurately which can be read to an accuracy of half a division that is to 0.05 cm3. * Rinse equipments before use: We have used distilled water to rinse the equipment before we carry out our investigation because the equipment may not washed properly so it contains other solutions which would make our results unreliable. By rinsing the equipment before using them, would decrease the possibility of getting of contamination. * Labelling equipments: We had to label the conical flasks to ensure that the right sugar is in its labelled conical flask because sugars look the same so labelling conical flasks would help us identify the solution quickly without getting mixed up of which sugar belongs to which flask . * Ammonium salt: As we know that yeast gets food from the surroundings and therefore, we have used the ammonium salt and ammonium phosphate is to feed the yeast with nutrient as ammonia contributes to nutritional needs of such organism.  · Using room temperature for fermentation: Because enzymes within yeast are from different habitats therefore using different temperatures for each type of sugar would affect the fermentation process. Therefore we decided to use room temperature as it is suitable for both types of sugar and the yeast in which perform the fermentation process.  · Swirling flasks: It is very important that we had to swirl the flasks properly before taking the samples out because it would help ensure that all the solids are fully dissolved in the solution and becomes complete solution.  · Using pipette filler to take the samples: we would be using pipette filler because it is good equipment for taking around 25cm3 of the solution.  · Phenolphthalein indicator: We have used this indicator solution to help us to see when the solution in the conical flask changes, so we had to use the same amount of drops on both solutions so that we get an accurate colour change result. Evaluation: The reliability and the accuracy of the investigation: It is very important that we had to follow all the instructions carefully that were provided to us because it would help us work more accurately and get better result on our experiment. However, we would not expect to get the same results for each repeat of titration, because it depends on determining the end point of the reaction. For example, the cloudy white colour is quite similar to the light pink colour therefore; sometimes it is difficult to determine whether the exact end point has been achieved or not , and so we wouldnt expect to get the same results for each time we repeat the experiment. As a result, it would be better to hold the solution up to the light to help us determine the exact end which is the light pink colur in the same range. As we know that yeasts perform better under anaerobic conditions, so if oxygen got into the solution then the condition inside the conical flask will change to aerobic and the process of fermentation will not take place. As a result, we had to ensure that the process is taking place with the absence of oxygen conditions, so we ensured that the bung was firmly fastened into the conical flask that contained the fermenting solution. It was very important that that the bung was fastened otherwise the air that came from the surrounding would affect the yeast respiration by getting into the conical flask to the solution that we were fermenting. Moreover, if the bung is not fastened properly then carbon dioxide will leak from the conical flask would affect on the acidity of the solution because the sodium hydroxide needs to be titrated with an acidic substance so to achieve neutralisation of the solution in the flask. Therefore, keeping the bung fastened will keep the process of fermentation under anaerobic condition. When the samples had been left to ferment overnight, bubbles were produced on the top of the solution because the bubbles were formed from the carbon dioxide gas being given off from the reaction in the solution. This may have an effect on the measurement of the solution in both the pipettes and burettes because the solution must be measured from its meniscus. Therefore we have got to be careful while taking the reading of the solution to take from the meniscus which is the curve at the top of the liquid if did so we would get more accurate and reliable results. There is another factor which can make our investigation unreliable which the temperature. This can have a major effect on the rate of fermentation because enzymes are very sensitive to temperature. Enzymes speeds up the biochemical reactions and they work best at an optimum temperature, however if the temperature has increased it will provide more kinetic energy to the molecules involved. Therefore the number of collisions between enzyme and substrate will increase as well as the rate of reaction. If temperature rises above the optimum the enzymes will be denatured. The bonds which are holding the structure together will break and the active sites lose their shape and will no longer react. There are some factors in which can have an effect on our overall result such as, room temperature, weighing and the concentration of the samples. So Now I going to make a table to show the variables, the effects they may affect the investigation and how they can be controlled during the experiment to get more accurate and reliable data. Controls and variables during this experiment: Variables The effects on the experiment How could it be controlled Room temperature As we know the room temperature is not constant therefore it would affect the enzymes action during the process of fermentation We could have made the temperature constant if we placed the samples inside an incubator which will help the enzymes work better. Weighing Another factor that could affect our overall result is that being very close to the weighing balancer while we are weighing our samples because breathing on the balancer changes the reading of the sample In order to optimise the effects of the air on the weighing balancer while we are taking the reading of the sample is to use an accurate weighing balancer which is surrounded by glass frame and gives the reading of the sample to four decimal places. Concentration of sample If we used the wrong concentration of the sugars, this would affect on our results. In order to make sure that we are using the right concentration we have look carefully at the labels of the solutions which indicates the name of the solution and its concentration. Sources Used http://www.chemie.uni-regensburg.de/Organische_Chemie/Didaktik/Keusch/D-fermentation_sugar-e.htm http://www.practicalchemistry.org/experiments/fermentation-of-glucose-using-yeast,109,EX.html http://www.chemie.uni-regensburg.de/Organische_Chemie/Didaktik/Keusch/D-fermentation_sugar-e.htm http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/P/polysaccharide.htmlhttp://www.gcsescience.com/rc17-fermentation-yeast-alcohol.htm